All articles A–Z
519,064 articles
Incremental sheet forming
Incremental sheet forming (ISF) is a dieless sheet-metal forming process in which a small numerically controlled tool progressively deforms a clamped sheet into a three-dimensional part.
Incremental view maintenance
Incremental view maintenance (IVM) computes and applies only deltas to materialized views when base tables change, instead of full recomputation. Key ideas: delta queries, counting algorithm, immediate vs deferred maintenance, DBSP/F-IVM engines.
Incretin
Incretins are gut hormones, principally GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1) and GIP (glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide), secreted by intestinal K-cells and L-cells after meals; they amplify glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, produce the incretin effect, and ground diabetes and obesity drugs.
Incubate Fund
Incubate Fund KK is an independent Tokyo venture capital firm founded in 2010 that invests at the seed stage, often at or before a company's founding, with 19 IPOs among its portfolio.
Incubate Fund Asia
Incubate Fund Asia, formerly Incubate Fund India, is a Singapore-based seed-stage venture capital firm founded by Nao Murakami in 2016 to back startups in India and Southeast Asia.
Incubation period
Incubation period: the time from exposure to an infectious agent to symptom onset, also called the latency period for chronic disease. Varies by dose, route, and host immunity; sets quarantine lengths (14 days for COVID-19) and outbreak investigation windows.
Incubator (culture)
A culture incubator is an enclosed laboratory device that maintains controlled temperature, humidity, and often CO2 concentration so cells, microorganisms, and biological samples grow predictably.
Incubator (egg)
Egg incubator: machine for artificial hatching of poultry eggs by controlling temperature, humidity, ventilation, and turning. Covers history from ancient Egypt to single-stage and multistage hatchery systems.
Incubators
Incubators: enclosed chambers maintaining controlled temperature, humidity, and gases. Covers infant (neonatal) incubators, laboratory CO2 incubators, egg incubators, and business incubators, with history from Tarnier's 1880 design and IEC 60601-2-19 standards.
Incubus
Incubus: male demon of Western folklore who lies on and has sex with sleeping people (female counterpart, succubus), from Latin incubare, and the name of a sleep-related hallucination disorder tied to sleep paralysis.
Incubus (band)
Incubus is an American alternative rock band formed in 1991 in Calabasas, California, by Brandon Boyd, Mike Einziger, and Jose Pasillas; known for Make Yourself, Morning View, Drive, and over 23 million albums sold.
Incumbent
Incumbent: the current holder of an elected office. Covers the incumbency advantage, its measurement (sophomore surge, regression discontinuity), U.S. and global magnitudes, mechanisms, and the 2024 anti-incumbent turn.
Incunable
Incunable (plural incunabula, Latin for cradle): a European book, pamphlet, or broadside printed with movable metal type before 1501, beginning with Gutenberg's 42-line Bible of about 1455; around 1,100 printers identified, roughly 10 million books produced.
Incunabula (album)
Incunabula is the 1993 debut album by English electronic duo Autechre, released on Warp Records (WARP17) as part of the Artificial Intelligence series; an 11-track, roughly 75-minute compilation of older 4-track material.
Incurable
Incurable is a book-length poem by the Mexican poet David Huerta, first published in 1987 by Ediciones Era and widely regarded as the central work of his career.
Incyclix Bio
Incyclix Bio is a privately held oncology biotechnology company in Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, founded in 2020 to develop selective CDK2 inhibitors for treatment-resistant cancers.
Indaba, My Children
Indaba, My Children is a 1964 collection of African folk tales, myths, and legends by the South African Zulu storyteller Vusamazulu Credo Mutwa, first published in Johannesburg.
Indabibi
Indabibi, also rendered Indabigaš, was a king of Elam in southwestern Iran who ruled briefly from 649 to 648 BC, between Tammaritu II and Humban-haltaš III.
Indacaterol
Indacaterol (Onbrez Breezhaler, Arcapta Neohaler; QAB149) is a once-daily inhaled long-acting beta2-agonist bronchodilator for COPD maintenance, first EU-approved 2009, FDA-approved 2011 at 75 micrograms.
Indacenodithiophene-benzothiadiazole
Indacenodithiophene-benzothiadiazole (IDT-BT) is a donor–acceptor conjugated polymer in which electron-rich indacenodithiophene alternates with electron-poor benzothiadiazole; it is a leading p-type semiconductor for organic field-effect transistors, reaching hole mobility up to 3.6 cm² V⁻¹ s⁻¹.
Indah Kiat Pulp & Paper
Indah Kiat Pulp & Paper is an Indonesian pulp and paper company founded in 1976, with mills at Perawang, Serang, and Tangerang and part of Asia Pulp & Paper.
Indaiatuba
Indaiatuba, São Paulo municipality in the Campinas Metropolitan Region, Brazil; former district of Itu, freguesia 1830, vila 1859; 255,748 people (2022 census), industrial hub near Viracopos Airport with high quality-of-life rankings.
Indalpine
Indalpine (LM 5008, Upstene) was the first selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor released into clinical use (1978), an indole-piperidine antidepressant marketed in France from 1983 and withdrawn in 1985 after agranulocytosis cases.
Indanofan
Indanofan (インダノファン), CAS 133220-30-1, an oxirane grass herbicide for rice discovered by Mitsubishi Chemical, marketed 1999; controls Echinochloa oryzicola at 100-150 g a.i./ha; not EU-approved.
Indapamide
Indapamide is an oral thiazide-like diuretic developed at Servier in France and introduced in 1971, used to treat hypertension and fluid retention in heart failure.
Indattu-Inshushinak II
Indattu-Inshushinak II, also printed Idattu-Inshushinnak II, was a king of Elam of the Shimashki dynasty, son of Tan-Rukhurater, known chiefly from the Susa King List and later inscriptions.
Indawgyi Biosphere Reserve
Indawgyi Biosphere Reserve, a UNESCO MAB reserve in Kachin State, Myanmar, designated 2017 around Indawgyi Lake (12,000 ha), covering 133,715 ha with 50,375 residents; also a Ramsar site and wildlife sanctuary.
Indaziflam
Indaziflam (Specticle, Marengo, Esplanade, Alion, Rejuvra) is an alkylazine cellulose-biosynthesis-inhibitor herbicide, WSSA group 29, registered in the US in 2010 for preemergence residual weed control in turf, orchards, nurseries, and rangeland.
Inde Navarrette
Inde Navarrette, born Danielle Fabiola Navarrette, is an American actress known for her role as Sarah Cushing on Superman & Lois and her performance in Obsession (2026).
Indecainide
Indecainide (Decabid, LY 135837) is a discontinued Eli Lilly class IC antiarrhythmic, a fluorene sodium-channel blocker approved in 1989 for ventricular tachycardia, limited by proarrhythmia in left ventricular dysfunction.