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Ino Linea
Ino Linea is a roughly 1,500-km-long ridged band (linea) on Jupiter's moon Europa, IAU-named in 1997 for the Greek mythological daughter of Harmonia and Cadmus, crosscut by Yelland Linea and studied as a mid-ocean-ridge analog.
Inō Tadataka
Inō Tadataka (伊能忠敬, 1745–1818) was a Japanese Edo-period merchant who, after retiring at about fifty, surveyed Japan's coasts and made its first measured national map.
Inoblivion
Inoblivion is a German trance DJ and producer from a small town near Stuttgart who began DJing in 2012 and reached #1 on Beatport's trance chart in 2023 with "When Darkness Falls".
Inoceramidae
Inoceramidae, an extinct family of large Cretaceous bivalves (type genus Inoceramus Sowerby, 1814), dominant Late Cretaceous seafloor macrofossils with prismatic-nacre shells up to two meters, used for biozonation, extinct at the Cretaceous end.
Inoceramus
Inoceramus, an extinct genus of Cretaceous marine bivalve mollusks (family Inoceramidae, type species I. cuvierii), abundant index fossils of the Late Cretaceous, some shells up to two meters, extinct at the K-Pg boundary.
Inoculation
Inoculation, historically variolation, deliberately infected healthy people with smallpox material to induce mild disease and immunity; practiced in China, India, Africa, and the Ottoman Empire, brought to Europe in 1721, and replaced by Jenner's 1796 cowpox vaccination.
Inocybaceae
Inocybaceae, the fibrous-capped brown mushrooms (Inocybe and allies), a cosmopolitan ectomycorrhizal family of Agaricales with seven genera, c. 700–1,050 species, and muscarine or psilocybin toxins.
Inocybe
Inocybe, fiber caps, is the largest genus of ectomycorrhizal Agaricales fungi in Inocybaceae, about 1,000 species worldwide, brown-spored with fibrillose caps, many species muscarine-toxic.
Inode
An inode (index node) is the Unix filesystem data structure that stores a file's metadata, such as size, permissions, and ownership, while names live in directory entries.
Inokashira Park Zoo
Inokashira Park Zoo (井の頭自然文化園) is a Tokyo Metropolitan zoo in Inokashira Park, Kichijoji, Musashino, opened 1942; about 160 species, 140 native to Japan, plus Seibo Kitamura sculpture garden and Aquatic Life Park.
Inolimomab
Inolimomab (BT-563, Leucotac) is a murine IgG1 anti-CD25 monoclonal antibody blocking the IL-2 receptor, studied as salvage therapy for steroid-refractory acute graft-versus-host disease; it holds orphan drug designation in Europe and the US.
Inonotus
Inonotus (P. Karst., 1879) is a genus of white-rot polypore bracket fungi in Hymenochaetaceae, Hymenochaetales; traditionally defined by a monomitic hyphal system, now narrowed after molecular studies split it into segregate genera; includes chaga (I. obliquus) and I. hispidus.
Inonotus obliquus
Inonotus obliquus, chaga (чага), cinder conk, is a Hymenochaetaceae parasitic fungus causing white heart rot on birch across the boreal Northern Hemisphere; its sterile black conks are a folk remedy with only two old clinical studies.
Inorganic chemistry
Inorganic chemistry is the branch of chemistry covering all compounds except organic, carbon-based ones, with subfields including coordination, organometallic, and solid-state chemistry, and industrial uses such as pigments and catalysts.
Inorganic compound
An inorganic compound is a chemical compound composed principally of elements other than carbon; carbonates, cyanides, and carbon dioxide contain carbon but are classified as inorganic by convention.
Inorganic pyrophosphatase
Inorganic pyrophosphatase (PPase, EC 3.6.1.1), also called H+-PPase or proton-translocating pyrophosphatase, is an essential metal-dependent enzyme hydrolyzing pyrophosphate to phosphate; soluble families I-III and membrane-bound H+/Na+ pumps exist.
Inori Minase (水瀬 いのり)
Inori Minase (水瀬 いのり), born 1995, is a Japanese voice actress and King Records singer. Debuted 2010 in Seikimatsu Occult Academy after winning Sony's Anisutere Grand Prix; known as Rem, Chino, Hestia; Seiyu Awards lead actress winner 2016.
Inosine
Inosine is a purine nucleoside formed by deamination of adenosine; it is an intermediate in purine degradation to uric acid and appears in certain transfer RNAs.
Inosine triphosphate pyrophosphatase
Inosine triphosphate pyrophosphatase (ITPase, ITPA gene) is a cytosolic homodimeric Mg2+-dependent enzyme hydrolyzing noncanonical ITP, dITP, and XTP to monophosphates; its P32T polymorphism drives thiopurine toxicity and protects against ribavirin-induced anemia.
Inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase
Inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) is an oxidoreductase enzyme that catalyzes the rate-limiting step in guanine nucleotide biosynthesis, making it a target for immunosuppressant, antiviral, and anticancer drugs.
Inosinic acid
Inosinic acid (inosine 5'-monophosphate, IMP) is a purine nucleotide with hypoxanthine as its base, serving as the branch point from which cells make AMP and GMP.
Inositol
Inositol is a cyclic sugar alcohol, C₆H₁₂O₆, with nine stereoisomers; its main form, myo-inositol, occurs in all cell membranes and is synthesized mainly in the kidney.
Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor
Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R, ITPR): family of ER calcium-release channels (IP3R1-3), tetrameric ~1.2 MDa, opened by IP3 and cytosolic Ca2+, generating Ca2+ oscillations; mutations cause spinocerebellar ataxias.
Inositol 5-phosphatase
Inositol 5-phosphatases (inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatases, INPP5 family) are Mg2+-dependent enzymes removing the 5-phosphate from inositol phosphates and phosphoinositides; ten mammalian paralogs include OCRL (Lowe syndrome) and INPP5E (Joubert syndrome).
Inositol monophosphatase
Inositol monophosphatase (IMPase, EC 3.1.3.25, IMPA1/IMPA2) is a magnesium-dependent homodimeric enzyme that regenerates myo-inositol in PI signaling and is uncompetitively inhibited by lithium at therapeutic concentrations, basis of the inositol depletion hypothesis.
Inositol oxygenase
Inositol oxygenase (MIOX, myo-inositol oxygenase), EC 1.13.99.1, is the sole mammalian enzyme of myo-inositol catabolism, a kidney proximal tubule-specific non-heme diiron enzyme converting myo-inositol to D-glucuronate.
Inositol phosphatase
Inositol phosphatase Sac2/INPP5F (hSAC2) is a 128 kDa Sac-domain phosphoinositide phosphatase at 10q26.11, a PI4P 4-phosphatase on endocytic membranes that partners with OCRL, once misassigned as a 5-phosphatase.
Inositol phosphate metabolism
Inositol phosphate metabolism (KEGG hsa00562; Reactome R-HSA-1483249) is the eukaryotic reaction network converting myo-inositol and PI(4,5)P2-derived IP3 into IP4-IP8 and pyrophosphates IP7/IP8 via PLC, IPMK, IPPK, and IP6Ks, central to calcium signaling and metabolism.
Inositol trisphosphate
Inositol trisphosphate (IP3, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate) is a second messenger made by PLC from PIP2 that releases ER calcium via IP3 receptor channels, alongside cADPR and NAADP as independent messengers.
Inositolphosphorylceramide synthase subunit Kei1
Kei1 (Kei1p, KEI1/YDR367W) is the essential 221-residue regulatory subunit of yeast inositolphosphorylceramide synthase, complexed with catalytic Aur1; required for enzyme activity, Golgi localization, and aureobasidin A sensitivity.