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Inostrannaya Literatura
Inostrannaya Literatura (Иностранная литература, "Foreign Literature") is a monthly Russian journal of translated foreign literature published in Moscow since 1955, known for first Russian translations of works like The Catcher in the Rye.
Inotersen
Inotersen (Tegsedi) is a 2'-O-methoxyethyl antisense oligonucleotide, given weekly subcutaneously, that lowers hepatic transthyretin production to treat stage 1-2 hATTR polyneuropathy; approved 2018, boxed warning for thrombocytopenia and glomerulonephritis, EU withdrawal December 2026.
Inotrope
Inotrope: drug altering cardiac contractility; positive inotropes (dobutamine, milrinone, levosimendan, digoxin, catecholamines) support cardiogenic shock and decompensated heart failure; no overall survival benefit, arrhythmia and hypotension risks.
Inotuzumab ozogamicin
Inotuzumab ozogamicin (Besponsa) is a CD22-directed antibody-drug conjugate of calicheamicin, FDA approved in 2017 for relapsed/refractory CD22-positive B-cell precursor ALL, with VOD/SOS hepatotoxicity as its key risk.
Inoue Kaoru
Inoue Kaoru (井上馨) was a Japanese statesman of the Meiji period who became Japan's first Minister of Foreign Affairs in 1885 and died in 1915 as one of the genrō elder statesmen.
Inoue Tetsujirō
Inoue Tetsujirō (井上哲次郎; 1855–1944) was a Japanese philosopher who held the first philosophy chair given to a Japanese scholar at Tokyo Imperial University, serving from 1890 to 1923.
Inoviridae
Inoviridae: filamentous ssDNA bacteriophages (M13, fd, CTXphi) in order Tubulavirales that infect Gram-negative bacteria, extrude virions without lysis, and underpin phage display technology.
Inox Clean Energy
Inox Clean Energy is a private renewable energy company of India's INOXGFL Group, based in Noida, combining solar manufacturing with power generation and grown through roughly ₹250 billion (₹25,000 crore) of acquisitions.
Inozyme Pharma, Inc.
Inozyme Pharma was a Boston-based, clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company founded in 2015 that developed INZ-701, an enzyme-replacement therapy for ENPP1 and ABCC6 deficiencies, and was acquired by BioMarin in 2025.
InP HEMT
An InP HEMT is a high-electron-mobility transistor fabricated on an indium phosphide substrate, among the fastest transistors available and the choice for extremely low-noise amplification at millimeter-wave frequencies.
InP quantum dot solar cells
InP quantum dot solar cells are photovoltaic devices using colloidal indium phosphide nanocrystals as the light-absorbing layer, studied as a low-toxicity alternative to lead- and cadmium-based quantum dots.
Inpainting (image processing)
Image inpainting fills in missing or damaged regions of a photograph by synthesizing plausible content from surrounding pixels or a generative model, used for photo restoration and object removal.
Inpainting diffusion
Inpainting diffusion is the use of denoising diffusion models to fill in or replace masked regions of an image, conditioning on surrounding pixels and a text prompt.
INPer trial
INPer trial (NCT02488642), Medical Management of Late Intrauterine Death: Mexican phase 4 randomized trial at the National Institute of Perinatology comparing isosorbide dinitrate-oxytocin with misoprostol-oxytocin in 60 women with fetal death after 20 weeks.
Inpex
Inpex (INPEX Corporation) is Japan's largest oil and gas exploration and production company, operator of the Ichthys LNG project in Australia and the Abadi LNG project in Indonesia.
Inphi
Inphi Corporation was an American fabless semiconductor company, founded in 2001 in Westlake Village, California, that made high-speed data chips and was acquired by Marvell in 2021.
INPP5D
INPP5D (SHIP1), gene at 2q37.1 encoding a 145 kDa inositol 5-phosphatase in microglia and hematopoietic cells; hydrolyzes PI(3,4,5)P3, negative regulator of myeloid signaling, and a late-onset Alzheimer's disease risk gene (rs35349669).
INPPL1
INPPL1 (SHIP2), human gene at 11q13.4 encoding an SH2-containing inositol 5'-phosphatase that dephosphorylates PI(3,4,5)P3, negatively regulates insulin signaling, and causes autosomal recessive opsismodysplasia when biallelically mutated.
Input device
An input device, also called input hardware, is a hardware component that converts physical actions such as keystrokes, cursor movements, and voice commands into electrical signals a computer can process.
Input event
The input event is a DOM event fired when the value of an input, select, or textarea element changes through user action like typing or checking a checkbox.
Input hypothesis
The Input Hypothesis, proposed by Stephen Krashen in the early 1980s, holds that second language acquisition occurs through comprehensible input at i+1, slightly beyond current competence; criticized as unfalsifiable and extended by Output and Interaction hypotheses.
Input shaping
Input shaping is a feedforward control technique that convolves a command signal with impulses to cancel residual vibration, used on cranes, disk drives, and spacecraft since Posicast control in 1957.
Input–output model
The input–output model, also known as input-output analysis, is a linear economic model pioneered by Wassily Leontief that computes the total output each industry must produce for given final demand.
Input/output
Input/output (I/O), also written input and output, is the transfer of data between a computer and the outside world, using devices such as keyboards, displays, and printers.
Inpyrfluxam
Inpyrfluxam (S-2399, INDIFLIN, Excalia, KANAME) is a Sumitomo Chemical SDHI (FRAC 7) fungicide, CAS 1352994-67-2, first registered in Japan 2019 and the US/Canada 2020, not approved in the EU.
Inquests in England and Wales
An inquest in England and Wales is a coroner's public hearing into a death, establishing who died and how, when, and where, without assigning blame.
Inquiries Act 2005
Inquiries Act 2005 (2005 c. 12), UK statute governing statutory public inquiries; replaced the Tribunals of Inquiry (Evidence) Act 1921, lets ministers alone establish inquiries, bars liability determinations, and empowers chairs to compel sworn evidence.
Inquiry-based learning
Inquiry-based learning (IBL), also called guided or open inquiry, is a constructivist pedagogy where students pose questions, investigate, and interpret data. Rooted in Socratic questioning and Dewey, its effectiveness depends on teacher guidance versus direct instruction.
Inquisition
The Inquisition, also called the Holy Inquisition, was a set of Catholic tribunals established to discover and punish heresy, active from the thirteenth century into the nineteenth.
Inquisition in France
Inquisition in France: ecclesiastical tribunals founded by Gregory IX (1231–33) to prosecute Cathar and Waldensian heresy, established in Languedoc after the Albigensian Crusade and the 1229 Peace of Paris.