All articles A–Z
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International Lawn Tennis Challenge (1900–1971)
The International Lawn Tennis Challenge was an annual men's team tennis competition between nations, first contested in 1900 and known since 1945 as the Davis Cup.
International League
International League, one of two Triple-A minor leagues (briefly Triple-A East since 2021), 20 teams, tracing to the 1884 Eastern League; champions win the Governors' Cup.
International League T20
International League T20 (DP World ILT20), UAE's six-team T20 franchise cricket league launched January 2023; 34 matches in Dubai, Abu Dhabi, Sharjah; six overseas players per XI; MI Emirates and Desert Vipers among champions.
International Legion of the Defence Intelligence of Ukraine
International Legion of the Defence Intelligence of Ukraine (HUR/GUR legion, unit A3449): brigade-level foreign-volunteer unit under Ukraine's military intelligence, established March 7, 2022 in Kyiv; distinct from the Ground Forces International Legion, with Russian, Chechen, Siberian, Imam Shamil, and Nomad component units.
International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association
ILGA World (International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association), founded 1978 in Coventry, is a federation of 2,000+ LGBTI organisations in 170+ countries with UN ECOSOC status; its ILGA-Europe branch publishes the Rainbow Map.
International Linear Collider
The International Linear Collider (ILC), also known as the TESLA particle accelerator, is a proposed 31-kilometer electron-positron collider, with a leading candidate site in the Kitakami mountains of Japan.
International Linguistics Olympiad
International Linguistics Olympiad (IOL), annual contest for secondary students in self-sufficient linguistics puzzles; founded 2002, first held Bulgaria 2003, roots in 1965 Moscow olympiad; individual and team rounds, no language knowledge required.
International Longshore and Warehouse Union
The International Longshore and Warehouse Union (ILWU) is a labor union of dockworkers, clerks, and warehouse workers in 29 West Coast ports, born from the 1934 Big Strike.
International Longshoremen's Association
The International Longshoremen's Association (ILA) is a North American labor union of dockworkers affiliated with the AFL-CIO, representing ports from Maine to Texas and in Canada.
International Luge Federation
International Luge Federation (FIL, Fédération Internationale de Luge de Course), founded 1957 in Davos, is the world governing body for artificial track, natural track, and alpine luge; Olympic sport since 1964, led by Einars Fogelis.
International Lunar Research Station
The International Lunar Research Station (ILRS) is a planned lunar base proposed by China and Russia in 2021, targeting a basic station at the lunar south pole by 2035.
International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center
CIMMYT (Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maíz y Trigo), a CGIAR agricultural research center founded in 1966 in Mexico; Borlaug's Green Revolution wheat, quality protein maize, and 80% of world maize/wheat breeding lines.
International Manufacturing Technology Show
The International Manufacturing Technology Show (IMTS), first held in 1927, is a biennial manufacturing technology trade show at McCormick Place in Chicago, and the largest in the Western Hemisphere.
International Maritime Organization
International Maritime Organization (IMO), formerly IMCO: UN specialized agency headquartered in London, established 1948, operational 1959, regulating shipping safety (SOLAS, STCW), pollution (MARPOL) and greenhouse gas emissions; led by Secretary-General Arsenio Dominguez since 2024.
International maritime signal flags
International maritime signal flags are the 40 flags of the International Code of Signals (26 letters, 10 numeral pennants, 3 substitutes, 1 code/answering pennant) used for ship-to-ship safety communication, with single-flag meanings such as N+C for distress.
International Mathematical Olympiad
The International Mathematical Olympiad, or IMO, is an annual mathematics competition for pre-university students, first held in Romania in 1959, with teams of up to six contestants per country.
International Mathematical Union
International Mathematical Union (IMU), founded 1920 in Strasbourg and reborn 1951, is an international union of over 80 member countries promoting mathematics, organizing the ICM; distinct from ICMI and ICIAM.
International matrimonial law
International matrimonial law: treaty rules and private international law governing cross-border marriage, divorce, and matrimonial property, centered on Hague Conference conventions (1902, 1970, 1978), the 1962 UN marriage convention, and EU Regulation 2019/1111.
International MaxxPro
The International MaxxPro, or Navistar MaxxPro, is an American mine-resistant, ambush-protected armored vehicle built by Navistar Defense, one of the most widely fielded MRAPs of the Iraq and Afghanistan wars.
International Meeting of Communist and Workers' Parties
The International Meeting of Communist and Workers' Parties (IMCWP) is an annual conference of communist and workers' parties initiated by the KKE in Athens in 1998; its 24th meeting was hosted by the Communist Party of Cuba in Havana in August 2026.
International Men's Day
International Men's Day, observed 19 November worldwide, founded 1999 by Jerome Teelucksingh in Trinidad and Tobago after Thomas Oaster's 1992 February version; Six Pillars, around 80 countries, not a UN observance.
International Meridian Conference
The International Meridian Conference was a diplomatic meeting held in Washington, D.C., in 1884, where 25 nations adopted the Greenwich meridian as the prime meridian and proposed a universal day.
International Meteorological Organization
The International Meteorological Organization (IMO), founded in 1879, was a non-governmental body of national meteorological service directors that standardized observations until the World Meteorological Organization replaced it in 1951.
International Micro Air Vehicle Competition and Conference
The International Micro Air Vehicle Conference and Competition (IMAV) is an annual research event combining indoor and outdoor autonomous micro air vehicle competitions with a scientific conference.
International Military Tribunal for the Far East (極東国際軍事裁判)
International Military Tribunal for the Far East (極東国際軍事裁判), the Tokyo Trial: 1946–1948 Allied tribunal trying 28 Japanese leaders for crimes against peace, war crimes, and crimes against humanity; seven hanged, Pal dissenting.
International Mind Sports Association
The International Mind Sports Association (IMSA) is a Swiss non-profit association, founded in 2005 in Lausanne, uniting the federations of mind sports such as chess, bridge, draughts, and go.
International Miniature Aerobatic Club
The International Miniature Aerobatic Club (IMAC) is a non-profit organization governing radio-controlled scale aerobatic competition, founded in 1974 and affiliated with the full-scale International Aerobatic Club since 1976.
International Mobile Equipment Identity
The International Mobile Equipment Identity (IMEI) is a 15-digit number that uniquely identifies a phone, tablet, or modem on cellular networks, unlike the SIM, which identifies the subscriber.
International mobile subscriber identity
The international mobile subscriber identity (IMSI) is a permanent, globally unique number identifying a mobile subscriber, stored on the SIM card and used in GSM through 5G networks.
International Monetary Fund
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is a quota-based cooperative that provides financing, economic surveillance, and capacity development, functioning as a repository for member currencies and foreign exchange reserves.