All articles A–Z
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International sanctions
International sanctions: coercive non-military measures, chiefly UN Security Council regimes under Chapter VII Article 41, using arms embargoes, travel bans, and asset freezes; 31 regimes since 1966, 15 active.
International sanctions against Serbia and Montenegro
International sanctions against Serbia and Montenegro: UN Security Council regime (resolution 757, 30 May 1992) on the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia for its role in the Bosnian war; suspended by resolution 1022 (1995) after Dayton, terminated by resolution 1074 in October 1996.
International sanctions during the Russo-Ukrainian War
International sanctions during the Russo-Ukrainian War, also called sanctions during the Ukrainian crisis, are economic measures against Russia after the 2014 annexation of Crimea and the 2022 invasion.
International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project
The International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) is the first project of the World Climate Research Programme, established in 1982 to map global cloud properties from weather satellites.
International satellite registration
International satellite registration is the dual system by which States record satellites through ITU spectrum filings and UN registration under the Outer Space Treaty and the 1975 Registration Convention.
International school
International school: privately operated, fee-paying school teaching a non-national, usually English-medium curriculum such as IB, British, or American to ages 3-18; 15,075 schools, 7.7 million students, US$69.3 billion fees in 2026.
International School of Geneva
The International School of Geneva, known as Ecolint, is a bilingual day school in Switzerland founded in 1924, widely described as the world's first international school.
International School of Theatre Anthropology
International School of Theatre Anthropology (ISTA), founded 1979 by Eugenio Barba in Holstebro, Denmark: an itinerant school studying performers' pre-expressive stage presence across traditions, distinct from ISTA Global schools charity.
International Seabed Authority
The International Seabed Authority (ISA) is an autonomous international organization headquartered in Kingston, Jamaica, that was established in 1994 under UNCLOS to organize and control mineral-related activities in the international seabed, known as "the Area".
International Secretariat of Democratic Parties of Christian Inspiration
SIPDIC (Secrétariat International des Partis Démocratiques d'Inspiration Chrétienne), the White International, was the interwar international of Christian democratic parties, founded in Paris in 1925 from Luigi Sturzo's idea, dominated by Catholic parties of Belgium, Germany, France, and Italy, and dissolved in 1939.
International Securities Identification Number
An International Securities Identification Number (ISIN) is a 12-character alphanumeric code under ISO 6166 that uniquely identifies financial instruments such as shares, bonds, funds, and derivatives.
International security
International security, also known as global security, is the condition of protecting states, societies, and individuals from large-scale threats, and the academic field studying war, deterrence, and arms control.
International Security Assistance Force
International Security Assistance Force (ISAF), also FIAS, the UN-mandated NATO-led force in Afghanistan 2001-2014, authorized by UNSCR 1386, commanded by NATO from August 2003, peaking above 130,000 troops from 51 nations, succeeded by Resolute Support. Distinct from the fictional Ace Combat ISAF.
International Seismological Centre
The International Seismological Centre (ISC), established in 1963 with UNESCO's help, is a non-profit organization in Thatcham, England, that collects seismological data from agencies worldwide.
International Service for the Acquisition of Agri-biotech Applications
ISAAA (International Service for the Acquisition of Agri-biotech Applications) is a non-profit founded 1990-1992 that shares crop biotechnology with developing-country farmers and publishes the annual ISAAA Briefs on global GM crop adoption; 73 countries adopted biotech crops 1996-2024.
International Ship and Port Facility Security Code
The International Ship and Port Facility Security Code (ISPS Code) is a set of measures to enhance ship and port security, adopted by the IMO in December 2002.
International shooting sport federation
The International Shooting Sport Federation (ISSF), founded in Zurich in 1907 and headquartered in Munich, is the Olympic-recognized governing body for shooting sport with 159 member federations.
International Ski and Snowboard Federation
The International Ski and Snowboard Federation, also known as the Fédération Internationale de Ski, is the world governing body for skiing and snowboarding, founded in 1924 and headquartered in Oberhofen, Switzerland.
International ski mountaineering federation
International Ski Mountaineering Federation (ISMF), founded 2007, Lausanne-based global governing body for competitive ski mountaineering; IOC-recognized since 2016; Olympic debut Milano Cortina 2026; distinct from the UIAA it left in 2008.
International Social Survey Programme
The International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) is a cross-national collaboration of survey organizations that has run annual social science surveys since 1984, covering topics like government, religion, and inequality.
International Society for Environmental Ethics
The International Society for Environmental Ethics (ISEE) is a philosophical society founded in 1990, with about 350 members from 20 nations and Holmes Rolston III as first president.
International Society for Krishna Consciousness (अंतर्राष्ट्रीय कृष्णभावनामृत संघ)
The International Society for Krishna Consciousness (ISKCON), known as the Hare Krishna movement, is a Gaudiya Vaishnava religious organization founded in New York in 1966.
International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
ISMRM, International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, nonprofit MRI scientific association formed 1 January 1994 by SMRM-SMRI merger; 8,000+ members, publishes MRM and JMRI, annual meeting, ISMRT technologist section.
International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
The International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology (ISUOG) is a professional association and charity based in London, founded in 1991 to improve women's health through ultrasound education and standards.
International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis
The International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis is a global medical organization advancing the understanding, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of blood clotting and bleeding disorders.
International Software Testing Qualifications Board
The International Software Testing Qualifications Board (ISTQB) is a Belgian-registered not-for-profit association, founded in Edinburgh in 2002, governing the world's most recognized software testing certification program.
International Solar Alliance
International Solar Alliance (ISA): intergovernmental solar-energy organization co-founded by India and France at COP21 Paris 2015, headquartered in Gurugram, India. Treaty in force December 2017; targets 1,000 GW solar and US$1 trillion investment by 2030; runs Global Solar Facility, STAR-C, SIDS Platform, OSOWOG.
International Solar Energy Society
The International Solar Energy Society (ISES), founded in 1954, is the world's longest-standing solar organization, with members in over 110 countries, advocating a transition to 100% renewable energy.
International Solid-State Circuits Conference
The International Solid-State Circuits Conference (ISSCC) is an annual IEEE conference, held each February in San Francisco since 1954, where engineers present peer-reviewed advances in solid-state circuits and systems-on-a-chip.
International Space Station
The International Space Station (ISS, МКС) is a permanently crewed research laboratory in low Earth orbit, assembled by more than 40 flights and continuously occupied since November 2000.