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Interval cytoreductive surgery
Interval cytoreductive surgery, also called interval debulking surgery, removes advanced ovarian cancer after about 3 cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, achieving higher complete-resection rates with less perioperative harm than primary surgery.
Interval debulking surgery
Interval debulking surgery is cytoreductive surgery for advanced ovarian cancer performed after a few cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, followed by further chemotherapy of the same type.
Interval graph
An interval graph is the intersection graph of a family of intervals on the real line, first studied by Hajós in 1957, with applications in scheduling and molecular biology.
Interval observer
An interval observer is a state-estimation method in control engineering that computes guaranteed upper and lower bounds on unmeasured system states when uncertainties are unknown but bounded.
Interval optimization
Interval optimization is a family of numerical methods that represent uncertain quantities as intervals and use interval arithmetic to compute guaranteed, rigorously correct bounds on a function's global optimum.
Interval temporal logic
Interval temporal logic (ITL) is a family of modal logics evaluating formulas over time intervals rather than points, introduced by Halpern and Shoham and used to reason about concurrent and real-time systems.
Interval training
Interval training: exercise alternating intense work bouts with recovery periods, including HIIT, SIT, and RST. Developed early 20th century (Fartlek, German interval method); improves VO2max comparably to continuous training in less time.
Intervalley scattering
Intervalley scattering is an electron scattering process in a semiconductor in which a carrier transitions between different conduction-band valleys by emitting or absorbing an acoustic or optical phonon.
Intervention (TV series)
Intervention is an A&E reality documentary series, premiered March 2005, profiling people with drug, alcohol, or behavioral addictions who are filmed under the pretense of a documentary and confronted with a surprise intervention and offer of treatment.
Intervention AUV
An intervention AUV, or I-AUV, is an autonomous underwater vehicle with one or two manipulator arms for underwater tasks such as valve turning, without a tether to a support ship.
Intervention mapping
Intervention mapping is an iterative six-step protocol for planning, developing, and evaluating theory- and evidence-based health promotion and public health interventions, first published in 1998.
Interventional cardiology (specialty)
Interventional cardiology, a cardiology subspecialty also called percutaneous cardiovascular intervention, uses catheter-based techniques for coronary, valvular, structural, and peripheral disease; founded on Gruentzig's 1977 angioplasty and the 1986 stent era.
Interventional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Interventional MRI (iMRI, MR-guided interventional procedures): minimally invasive procedures guided by magnetic resonance imaging, emerging in the late 1980s; used for breast/prostate biopsy, tumor ablation, and cardiac procedures; no ionizing radiation but RF-heating and access challenges.
Interventional neuroradiology
Interventional neuroradiology is a medical specialty that diagnoses and treats blood vessel diseases of the brain, spine, head, and neck by navigating catheters through arteries under imaging guidance.
Interventional radiology
Interventional radiography (interventional radiology, IR): image-guided minimally invasive procedures using fluoroscopy, CT, and ultrasound. Founded on Seldinger's 1953 technique and Dotter's 1964 angioplasty; evolved from diagnostic angiography to a therapeutic clinical specialty.
Interventional study design
An interventional study is a research design in which investigators deliberately assign an intervention, such as a drug or device, to participants; the randomized controlled trial is the reference-standard form.
Interventional trial
An interventional trial is a clinical study in which researchers assign participants to receive an intervention, such as a drug or procedure, and measure its effect on health outcomes.
Interventional Ultrasonography
Interventional ultrasonography (interventional ultrasound): diagnostic and therapeutic procedures such as biopsy, drainage, catheterization, and ablation performed under real-time ultrasound guidance; first introduced in Europe, 1972 first clinical use, low complication rates.
Interventionism (politics)
Interventionism (politics): deliberate state involvement in another state's internal affairs via military force, sanctions, or political influence; counterpart to non-intervention under UN Charter Articles 2(4) and 2(7), contested in humanitarian cases.
Interventricular septum
Interventricular septum (septum interventriculare): the muscular and membranous wall separating the heart's left and right ventricles; carries the bundle of His, supplied mainly by the LAD, and the site of ventricular septal defects.
Interventricular septum aneurysm
Interventricular septum aneurysm (membranous ventricular septal aneurysm, MVSA): rare congenital outpouching of the membranous interventricular septum, about 0.3% of congenital heart disease, often incidental, with risks of block, tachycardia, thromboembolism.
Intervertebral disc
Intervertebral disc (IVD): fibrocartilaginous joint between vertebral bodies; 23 discs in the adult spine, each with nucleus pulposus, annulus fibrosus, and cartilaginous endplates; nucleus derives from the notochord; disc is avascular and prone to early degeneration.
Intervertebral Disc Chemolysis
Intervertebral disc chemolysis (chemonucleolysis): intradiscal enzyme injection to shrink herniated nucleus pulposus. Agents include chymopapain (withdrawn), condoliase (Japan, 2018), gelified ethanol, oxygen-ozone, collagenase.
Intervertebral foramen
Intervertebral foramen (foramen intervertebrale, neural foramen): opening between adjacent vertebrae linking the spinal canal to the extraspinal region; bounded by pedicles, disc, and facet capsule; transmits spinal nerves and vessels; narrowing causes foraminal stenosis.
Interview
A research interview is a planned, recorded conversation used as data in a study, following a guide of questions and requiring ethics review before data collection.
Interview with the Vampire
Interview with the Vampire, Anne Rice's 1976 Gothic horror novel, first of the Vampire Chronicles: Louis de Pointe du Lac's confession of his first two hundred years as a vampire, told to a young interviewer in San Francisco.
Interview with the Vampire (film)
Interview with the Vampire is a 1994 American gothic horror film directed by Neil Jordan, starring Tom Cruise as Lestat and Brad Pitt as Louis.
Interview with the Vampire (TV series)
AMC television series adapting Anne Rice's 1976 novel Interview with the Vampire, created by Rolin Jones, starring Jacob Anderson, Sam Reid, and Eric Bogosian; part of the Anne Rice Immortal Universe, retitled The Vampire Lestat for season 3.
Interview with the Vampire: The Vampire Chronicles
Interview with the Vampire: The Vampire Chronicles is Neil Jordan's 1994 Warner Bros. adaptation of Anne Rice's 1976 novel, starring Tom Cruise as Lestat and Brad Pitt as Louis; it earned $223.6 million worldwide and was later re-adapted as AMC's 2022 series.
Interviewing children (research method)
Interviewing children is a research method in which a child is questioned directly to obtain their own account of events or experiences, in clinical, forensic, and survey settings.