774 articles
2026 in paleoichthyology
2026 in paleoichthyology: year's fossil fish research, including Eosteus chongqingensis (oldest bony fish), Leolepis matogrossensis, the Qreiya 3 fish assemblage, Tanyka amnicola, and a Trawdenia fossil brain.
Abramis brama
Abramis brama, the common or bronze bream (欧鳊), a deep-bodied European cyprinid freshwater fish; bottom feeder with tube-like mouth, 51-60 lateral-line scales, long 23-30-ray anal fin, up to 82 cm, IUCN Least Concern.
Acanthodes
Acanthodes (Agassiz, 1833) is an extinct Permian spiny fish genus, the best-known acanthodian and now a stem-group chondrichthyan; A. bronni from Lebach, Germany preserves the only detailed acanthodian endoskeleton.
Acanthodii
Acanthodii, or spiny sharks, are a paraphyletic grade of extinct Palaeozoic jawed fishes from the early Silurian to Permian, defined by fin spines before paired and midline fins and now mostly placed on the chondrichthyan stem.
Acanthopagrus latus
Acanthopagrus latus, the yellowfin seabream, is a porgy of east Asian coastal waters, an important food fish and aquaculture species in China, Taiwan, and Japan.
Acanthopagrus schlegelii
Acanthopagrus schlegelii, the blackhead seabream or black porgy (Japanese クロダイ), is a Northwest Pacific sparid fish from southern Hokkaido to Taiwan, a protandrous hermaphrodite farmed in aquaculture and listed IUCN Least Concern.
Acanthuridae
Acanthuridae, the surgeonfishes, tangs, and unicornfishes, is a family of marine reef fishes with a scalpel-like caudal spine; about 72 species in 6-9 genera, mostly herbivorous, Eocene origin about 54 Ma.
Acanthuriformes
Acanthuriformes (surgeonfishes and others; synonym Acanthuroidei) is an order of ray-finned fishes in Eupercaria with 13 families, 54 genera, 453 species, defined by posterolateral tooth replacement, originating about 63.6 Ma.
Acanthurus sohal
Acanthurus sohal, the sohal surgeonfish or Red Sea surgeonfish (sohal tang), is a 40 cm striped surgeonfish endemic to the Red Sea to Persian Gulf, grazing algae on surge-exposed reef edges 0-20 m, territorial, IUCN Least Concern.
Acestrorhamphidae
Acestrorhamphidae is a family of Neotropical freshwater tetras (Characiformes) recognized in Melo et al. 2024 when former Characidae was split into four families; about 685-790 species, 15 subfamilies, type genus Acestrorhamphus (= Oligosarcus), diagnosed by a giant metacentric chromosome pair 1.
Acipenser baerii
Acipenser baerii, the Siberian sturgeon (Brandt, 1869), a freshwater potamodromous sturgeon of Siberian rivers and Lake Baikal; valid species, farmed for meat and caviar, wild populations vulnerable or endangered.
Acipenser brevirostrum
Acipenser brevirostrum, the shortnose sturgeon, is a small amphidromous sturgeon of Atlantic coast rivers from New Brunswick to Florida, ESA-endangered throughout its range, CITES Appendix I, IUCN Vulnerable, with three metapopulations.
Acipenser fulvescens
Acipenser fulvescens, the lake sturgeon, a large ancient North American freshwater fish of Great Lakes and Mississippi basins; up to 7 feet and 150 years; IUCN Least Concern but heavily depleted and recovering through stocking and regulated harvest.
Acipenser oxyrinchus
Acipenser oxyrinchus, the Atlantic sturgeon, is a large anadromous fish from Labrador to Florida, with subspecies oxyrinchus and desotoi. ESA-listed in 2012 as five DPSs, IUCN Vulnerable, under a 1998 coastwide harvest moratorium.
Acipenser persicus
Acipenser persicus (Persian sturgeon), Borodin 1897, a Ponto-Caspian sturgeon of the Caspian and Black seas; closely related to the Russian sturgeon, caviar species, IUCN Critically Endangered.
Acipenser ruthenus
Acipenser ruthenus, the sterlet, a small fully freshwater Eurasian sturgeon (Linnaeus 1758) of the Volga, Ural and Danube and Siberian rivers; IUCN Vulnerable (2009), later Endangered, CITES Appendix II, overfished for meat and caviar.
Acipenser schrenckii
Acipenser schrenckii, the Amur sturgeon, is a large sturgeon endemic to the Amur River system (Russia, China), reaching 300 cm and 190 kg, Critically Endangered from overfishing, with aquaculture hybrids with kaluga threatening wild stocks.
Acipenser sinensis
Acipenser sinensis, the Chinese sturgeon (Chinese sturgeon), is a large anadromous sturgeon of the Yangtze River, IUCN Critically Endangered with over 99% decline, one spawning ground below Gezhouba Dam, CITES Appendix II.
Acipenser stellatus
Acipenser stellatus, the starry or stellate sturgeon (sevruga), is an anadromous Ponto-Caspian sturgeon of the Caspian, Black, Azov, and Aegean Seas; Critically Endangered, CITES and CMS Appendix II, source of Sevruga caviar.
Ackee and saltfish
Ackee and saltfish, Jamaica's national dish, pairs boiled ackee fruit (Blighia sapida) with desalted salt cod, onion, tomato, and Scotch bonnet. Both ingredients arrived via the slave trade; unripe ackee's hypoglycin A toxin shapes FDA import rules.
Acrodus
Acrodus (Agassiz, 1837) is an extinct hybodontiform chondrichthyan genus of the family Acrodontidae, known for low, ridged crushing teeth, ranging from the Late Carboniferous to the Early Cretaceous.
Actinopterygii
Actinopterygii, the ray-finned fishes, are bony vertebrates with fins supported by parallel bony rays; over 95% of fish species, teleosts about 98%; first Devonian fossils; sister group Sarcopterygii.
Agnatha
Agnatha, jawless vertebrates including lampreys and hagfishes plus extinct ostracoderms and conodonts; only vertebrates without jaws, with cartilage skeletons, retained notochords, Cambrian origins, and Devonian decline.
Alaska pollock
Alaska pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus), walleye pollock, a North Pacific cod-family fish supporting Earth's second-largest fishery; source of surimi, fish sticks, and Filet-O-Fish, with contentious salmon bycatch.
Albacore
Albacore (Thunnus alalunga), also called longfinned tuna or germon, is a cosmopolitan tuna with pectoral fins half its body length; managed as separate Pacific, Atlantic, Mediterranean, and Indian Ocean stocks, currently not overfished, and the fish behind canned 'white' tuna.
Albula vulpes
Albula vulpes, the bonefish (macabí), is a western Atlantic silvery flats fish of Albulidae, described by Linnaeus in 1758. It reaches about 104 cm, spawns in offshore aggregations of 2,000–5,000 fish, is IUCN Near Threatened, and anchors valuable catch-and-release sport fisheries.
Alburnus alburnus
Alburnus alburnus, the bleak or common bleak, is a small silvery leuciscid fish native to European and west Asian fresh waters, introduced widely as forage and bait, and an invasive species in Iberia, North Africa, and Siberia.
Alburnus tarichi
Alburnus tarichi, the tarek or pearl mullet, is a small fish endemic to saline, alkaline Lake Van in eastern Türkiye that migrates into freshwater streams to spawn.
Alewife (fish)
Alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus), a small anadromous Atlantic herring also called river herring or sawbelly; invasive and dominant forage fish in the Great Lakes, commercially harvested in Maine, and depleted along the US Atlantic coast.
Alligator gar
Alligator gar (Atractosteus spatula), a large North American freshwater fish with a broad alligator-like snout and double tooth row; a slow-evolving living fossil reaching 10 feet and 350 pounds, now managed and restocked across its range.