139 articles
Acanthophis
Acanthophis (death adders) are Australian and Papuan elapid snakes that resemble vipers in body shape and ambush foraging, with neurotoxic, 3FTx-dominant venom treated with species-specific antivenom.
Adder
Adder (Vipera berus, common European viper, Kreuzotter): Eurasian venomous true viper with the widest distribution of any terrestrial snake, Britain's only native venomous snake, least toxic European viper venom, most frequent Vipera in European snakebites.
Agkistrodon
Agkistrodon is a genus of venomous pit vipers found in North and Central America, best known for the copperhead, the semiaquatic cottonmouth or water moccasin, and the cantils.
Agkistrodon piscivorus
Agkistrodon piscivorus, the cottonmouth or water moccasin, is a venomous semiaquatic pit viper of the southeastern United States, named for its white mouth display; formerly three subspecies, now two species with A. conanti split off.
Anaconda
Anaconda (Eunectes): South American aquatic boa constrictors; the green anaconda is the world's heaviest snake, up to 250 kg, while the reticulated python is longest; 2024 genetics split it into E. murinus and E. akayima.
Atractus
Atractus (Wagler, 1828) is the world's most speciose snake genus, about 140–150 species of fossorial dipsadine ground snakes endemic to the Neotropics from Panama to Argentina, centered on Colombia, with poorly resolved taxonomy and many narrow-range Andean endemics.
Ball python
The ball python, also called the royal python (Python regius), is a small, non-venomous snake native to West and Central Africa that coils into a ball when threatened.
Banded krait
Banded krait (Bungarus fasciatus, ular welang), large venomous elapid of South and Southeast Asia with black and yellow bands, nocturnal snake-eater, neurotoxic venom, IUCN Least Concern.
Bitis
Bitis, the African adders (puff adder, Gaboon viper, rhinoceros viper), is a genus of 18 venomous Viperidae species across Africa and southern Arabia, ranging from under 30 cm to over 2 m, with coagulotoxic venom and major snakebite burden.
Black mamba
The black mamba (Dendroaspis polylepis) is a highly venomous snake of sub-Saharan Africa, named for the black inside of its mouth and the longest venomous snake on the continent.
Boa constrictor
Boa constrictor, the red-tail boa (now often split as Boa imperator), is a large nonvenomous New World boid from Mexico to Argentina that kills prey by circulatory-arrest constriction and is CITES Appendix II.
Boidae
Boidae (boas) is a family of constricting snakes including Boa, Eunectes anacondas, Corallus, Eryx sand boas, and Madagascar boas; mainly New World, mostly live-bearing, some with infrared labial pits, 67 species per the Reptile Database.
Boiga
Boiga, catsnakes or mangrove snakes (genus Boiga Fitzinger, 1826), is a genus of about 35 nocturnal, rear-fanged arboreal colubrid snakes from the Middle East to Australia; includes the brown tree snake, a devastating invasive on Guam.
Boomslang
Boomslang (Dispholidus typus, Afrikaans for tree snake) is a dangerously venomous rear-fanged colubrid of sub-Saharan Africa, arboreal, haemotoxic venom, treated with monovalent South African antivenom.
Bothrops
Bothrops (lanceheads) is a genus of about 50 venomous pit vipers of tropical America, cause most Latin American snakebites, venoms rich in SVMPs, SVSPs, PLA2; jararaca venom yielded first ACE inhibitors.
Bothrops asper
Bothrops asper, the terciopelo or fer-de-lance, is a large venomous lancehead pitviper from Mexico to northwestern South America; the most medically important snake in Central America, with strong sexual dimorphism and high venom variation.
Bothrops atrox
Bothrops atrox, the common lancehead or barba amarilla, is an Amazonian pitviper causing most regional snakebites; its coagulotoxic, non-neurotoxic venom varies geographically and ontogenetically, and Bothrops antivenoms neutralize it despite its exclusion from immunization pools.
Brown tree snake
Brown tree snake (Boiga irregularis), a nocturnal, mildly venomous colubrid native to Australia, New Guinea, Indonesia, and the Solomon Islands; accidentally introduced to Guam after WWII, it extirpated 13 of 22 native breeding birds and causes power outages and costly cargo interdiction.
Bullsnake
Bullsnake (Pituophis catenifer sayi, couleuvre gaufre de Say), a large non-venomous gophersnake subspecies from Alberta/Saskatchewan to northeastern Mexico; exceeds 2 m, hisses and vibrates its tail defensively, COSEWIC Special Concern since 2017.
Bungarus
Bungarus (kraits) is a genus of nocturnal Asian elapid snakes, about 15 species including B. caeruleus and B. fasciatus, whose neurotoxic venom causes delayed paralysis and whose regional venom variation limits polyvalent antivenom.
Burmese pythons in Florida
Burmese pythons in Florida: established invasive population of Python molurus bivittatus in the Greater Everglades, introduced via the pet trade in the 1980s, causing 85–100% mammal declines in Everglades National Park and targeted by FWC/SFWMD removal programs and the Florida Python Challenge.
Calamaria
Calamaria (reed snakes) is a genus of 74 small, semi-fossorial colubroid snake species from South and Southeast Asia to the Sunda Islands, Philippines, and Sulawesi; type species C. linnaei, actively revised taxonomy.
California kingsnake
California kingsnake (Lampropeltis californiae), a non-venomous constrictor colubrid of the western United States; eats other snakes including rattlesnakes; widespread in California, invasive in the Canary Islands.
Calloselasma
Calloselasma is a monotypic pit viper genus whose single species, the Malayan pit viper (Calloselasma rhodostoma, Ular Kapak Daun), is a hemotoxic Southeast Asian snake of medical importance.
Caraiba
Caraiba is a monotypic snake genus (Dipsadinae) erected in 2009, holding only Caraiba andreae, the Cuban lesser racer, endemic to Cuba and Isla de la Juventud; distinct from the plant synonym Tabebuia caraiba.
Causus
Causus, night adders, is a genus of small African viperid snakes (300–800 mm) in Viperinae, sister to all other viperine genera, with mild cytotoxic venom, oviparous reproduction, round pupils, and seven to eight recognized species.
Cerastes
Cerastes, the Old World horned vipers, is a viperid genus of North African and Arabian desert snakes including C. cerastes, C. gasperettii, and C. vipera, known for hemotoxic venom, sidewinding locomotion, and antivenom challenges.
Cerastes cerastes
Cerastes cerastes, the Saharan horned viper, is a venomous desert snake of the Sahara with a single horn scale above each eye, burying itself in sand.
Chrysopelea
Chrysopelea, flying or flying tree snakes, is a genus of five Southeast Asian arboreal colubrid snakes that glide by splaying ribs into a triangular wing-body and undulating; C. paradisi reaches 11 m/s and glides better than C. ornata.
Clelia
Clelia (mussuranas) is a Neotropical genus of dipsadine colubrid snakes, type species Clelia clelia Daudin 1803, with seven recognized species from Mexico to Argentina, known for eating venomous vipers and resisting their venoms.