6 articles
2,3-Bisphosphoglyceric acid
2,3-Bisphosphoglyceric acid (2,3-BPG, 2,3-DPG) is an anionic phosphate in red blood cells, made via the Rapoport-Luebering shunt by BPGM, that binds deoxyhemoglobin's beta-cleft to lower oxygen affinity and aid tissue oxygen unloading.
Carbohydrate
A carbohydrate, also known as a saccharide, is an organic compound made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen that serves as one of the three macronutrients of the human diet.
D-Ribose
D-Ribose is a five-carbon sugar (C₅H₁₀O₅) that forms the backbone of RNA, is made in the body via the pentose phosphate pathway, and is sold as a supplement.
Fructose
Fructose (levulose, fruit sugar) is a six-carbon ketohexose monosaccharide, C6H12O6, discovered 1847 by Dubrunfaut. Metabolized via ketohexokinase to fructose 1-phosphate, faster and less regulated than glucose; linked to metabolic disease at high intakes.
Maple syrup
Maple syrup, a sweetener boiled down from sugar maple sap, is about 96% sucrose with over 200 identified compounds; Quebec supplies three-quarters of world production, graded into four U.S. Grade A color classes.
Wine
Wine: alcoholic beverage from fermented grapes or must, at least 8.5% vol per the OIV definition. Covers fermentation chemistry, history, classification, 2025 sector data (227 mhl production, 208 mhl consumption), and health risks.