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Ependyma
Ependyma: ciliated simple cuboidal epithelium (ependymocytes, tanycytes, choroid plexus) lining brain ventricles and spinal central canal; radial-glia derived glia driving CSF flow at 28–40.7 Hz, partial CSF–brain barrier, ependymoma origin.
Ependymoma
Ependymoma, also known as ependymal tumor, is a glioma arising from ependymal cells lining the brain's ventricles and spinal canal, treated with surgery and radiation.
EPHB4-related capillary malformation-arteriovenous malformation
CM-AVM2 (OMIM 618196), also called EPHB4-related capillary malformation-arteriovenous malformation, is a rare autosomal dominant vascular disorder from EPHB4 loss-of-function variants, mimicking CM-AVM1 and HHT.
Ephrin
Ephrins are membrane-bound ligands of Eph receptor tyrosine kinases, the largest RTK family, split into GPI-anchored ephrin-A and transmembrane ephrin-B classes mediating bidirectional signaling in axon guidance and cancer.
Epiblepharon
Epiblepharon is a congenital eyelid condition, common in East Asian children, in which a skin-muscle fold overrides the lower lid margin and turns lashes against the eye; it often resolves spontaneously and is corrected by the modified Hotz procedure.
Epibulbar choristoma
Epibulbar choristoma (ICD-11 LA14.06): benign congenital growth of normal tissue in an abnormal site on the eye surface; types include dermoid, dermolipoma, complex, and the rare osseous choristoma containing bone.
Epicanthic fold
Epicanthic fold (epicanthal fold, epicanthus, plica palpebronasalis): a skin fold of the upper eyelid covering the eye's inner corner. Normal in East Asians (40–90%) and children; also seen in Down syndrome and BPES; corrected by epicanthoplasty.
Epidermis
Epidermis: the outermost layer of skin, a keratinized stratified squamous epithelium with four or five strata, about 90% keratinocytes, thickness from 31 µm to 596.6 µm by body site, renewed every 28 to 50 days.
Epididymis
Epididymis: convoluted duct connecting testis to vas deferens, with initial segment, caput, corpus, and cauda regions; site of mammalian sperm maturation, concentration, protection, and storage via epididymosomes.
Epidural administration
Epidural administration injects local anesthetics or opioids into the epidural space between dura mater and vertebral canal. Pioneered by Corning (1885), Sicard and Cathelin (1901), and Fidel Pagés (1921); used for labor, surgery, and postoperative pain.
Epidural hematoma
Epidural hematoma (EDH, extradural hematoma): blood between skull and dura, usually from middle meningeal artery tear after skull fracture. Biconvex on CT, lucid interval in under 20%, surgery if over 30 cm3 per Brain Trauma Foundation.
Epigastrium
Epigastrium (regio epigastrica): the upper central abdominal region below the sternum, above the umbilicus, flanked by the hypochondriac regions. Contains stomach, liver, pancreas, duodenum; epigastric pain (ICD-10 R10.13) has a broad differential including cardiac causes.
Epiglottis
The epiglottis, or epiglottic cartilage, is a leaf-shaped flap of elastic cartilage behind the tongue that folds over the windpipe during swallowing, its infection called epiglottitis.
Epilepsy research
Epilepsy Research (Epilepsy Res., ISSN 0920-1211) is an Elsevier peer-reviewed journal, published in Amsterdam since 1987, covering basic, clinical, and translational epilepsy research across disciplines.
Epiphyseal plate
Epiphyseal plate (growth plate, physis): cartilage layer at long-bone ends driving longitudinal growth via resting, proliferative, and hypertrophic chondrocyte zones; closes in early twenties, leaving the epiphyseal line.
Epiphysis
Epiphysis: the expanded, articular-cartilage-covered end of a long bone, formed from a secondary ossification center and separated from the metaphysis by the growth plate (physis) until fusion at skeletal maturity.
Epiretinal membrane
Epiretinal membrane (macular pucker): fibrocellular sheet on the inner retinal surface, usually after posterior vitreous detachment, causing metamorphopsia; staged by Govetto OCT criteria, observed or treated by vitrectomy with membrane and ILM peeling.
Episcleritis
Episcleritis, also called bulbar conjunctivitis, is a benign, self-limited inflammation of the episclera between conjunctiva and sclera, with simple and nodular forms, usually idiopathic, sometimes linked to rheumatoid arthritis or IBD, and distinguished from scleritis by phenylephrine blanching.
Episodic memory
Episodic memory is the memory system for personally experienced events, tied to the time and place they occurred. Endel Tulving defined it in 1972 as distinct from semantic memory.
Epithelial cyst of spleen
Epithelial cyst of spleen (ICD-11 3B81.51), also called epidermoid or mesothelial splenic cyst: a rare primary true splenic cyst with an epithelial lining, about 10% of nonparasitic splenic cysts, usually incidental in children and young adults, treated by spleen-preserving surgery.
Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma
Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (EHE) is an ultra-rare vascular sarcoma defined by WWTR1::CAMTA1 (>90%) or YAP1::TFE3 (~5-10%) gene fusions, treated mainly with surgery; no approved systemic therapy.
Epizootic lymphangitis
Epizootic lymphangitis (pseudofarcy, equine histoplasmosis): chronic contagious fungal disease of horses, mules, and donkeys caused by Histoplasma capsulatum var. farciminosum; endemic mainly in Sub-Saharan Africa, especially Ethiopia; WOAH-listed.
Epley maneuver
The Epley maneuver, also called the canalith repositioning procedure, is a sequence of timed head and body positions used to treat benign paroxysmal positional vertigo.
Equine lymphangitis
Equine lymphangitis, also called big leg, is inflammation of a horse's limb lymphatic vessels, usually bacterial (Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis ulcerative lymphangitis) or sporadic from immobility; treated with longterm antimicrobials and drainage.
Erb's palsy
Erb paralysis (Erb's palsy, Erb-Duchenne paralysis) is upper-arm weakness from C5–C6 upper trunk brachial plexus injury, mostly at birth; ~90% of neonatal brachial plexus palsies, often with shoulder dystocia, usually recovering in 3–4 months.
Eric Topol
Eric Topol, American cardiologist and geneticist, Executive Vice-President of Scripps Research and founder of its Translational Institute; Vioxx critic, AI-in-medicine author of Deep Medicine and Super Agers, led the UK Topol Review.
Erythrocyte Aggregation
Erythrocyte aggregation, or rouleaux formation, is the reversible low-shear clumping of red blood cells driven by plasma proteins such as fibrinogen via bridging and depletion mechanisms, raising blood viscosity and the ESR.
Erythropoiesis
Erythropoiesis is the production of red blood cells from hematopoietic stem cells via BFUe, CFUe, erythroblasts, and reticulocytes, regulated by kidney-derived erythropoietin and the HIF pathway, occurring in yolk sac, fetal liver, and bone marrow.
Esophageal varices
Oesophageal varices are dilated submucosal veins of the lower oesophagus caused by portal hypertension, usually cirrhosis; they form above an HVPG of 10 mmHg, affect most cirrhosis patients within 10 years, and are treated with beta-blockers, band ligation, and TIPS.
Esotropia
Esotropia, also known as cross-eye or convergent strabismus, is a form of strabismus in which one eye deviates inward toward the nose, affecting about 0.67% of people worldwide.