168 articles
Pediatric early warning score
The pediatric early warning score (PEWS) converts a hospitalized child's vital signs into a numerical acuity score, with threshold scores linked to an escalation of care.
Penicillin skin testing
Penicillin skin testing is a diagnostic procedure that applies penicillin reagents to the skin by prick or intradermal injection to detect IgE-mediated hypersensitivity in suspected penicillin allergy.
Performance status
Performance status (PS), measured by the Karnofsky (KPS, 0–100) or ECOG/WHO (0–5) scales, rates cancer patients' functional ability; a strong prognostic factor and common clinical trial eligibility criterion.
PHQ-9
The PHQ-9, or Patient Health Questionnaire-9, is a public-domain nine-item questionnaire introduced in 1999 that screens for and grades depression severity, with scores of 10 or higher suggesting major depression.
Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index
The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) is a 19-item self-report questionnaire measuring sleep quality and disturbances over the past month, introduced by Daniel J. Buysse and colleagues in 1989.
Pneumonia severity index
The pneumonia severity index (PSI) is a clinical prediction rule, reported in 1997, that sorts adults with community-acquired pneumonia into five classes of 30-day mortality risk to guide site-of-care decisions.
Prognosis
Prognosis: the likely outcome or course of a disease, the chance of recovery or recurrence. Covers prognostic factors, survival statistics, prognostic prediction models, discrimination and calibration, and comparison with clinical judgment.
QRISK
QRISK is a clinical risk calculator that estimates a person's ten-year risk of cardiovascular disease from routine primary care data; a QRISK3 score of 10% or more triggers a statin recommendation.
qSOFA
qSOFA (quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment) is a bedside score of 0 to 3 that flags adults with suspected infection at higher risk of sepsis death.
Quantitative insulin sensitivity check index
The quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) is a fasting index, described in 2000, that estimates insulin sensitivity from fasting insulin and glucose for research use.
Rash localised
Rash localized, ICD-11 code ME66.60, is a highly non-specific symptom code for a localized acquired visible change in the skin, used when no precise diagnosis can be made.
Recurrence score
A recurrence score is a genomic test result, best known from the 21-gene Oncotype DX assay for early breast cancer, that estimates distant recurrence risk and chemotherapy benefit.
Reflux finding score
The reflux finding score is an endoscopic scoring system grading eight laryngeal findings to estimate laryngopharyngeal reflux, introduced in 2001, with a score above 7 indicating treatment.
Remote consultation
A remote consultation is a complete episode of clinical care between patient and clinician without face-to-face contact, by telephone, video, or secure messaging, as defined in NHS England guidance.
Residual SYNTAX score
The residual SYNTAX score (rSS) is an angiographic measure of coronary disease left untreated after percutaneous coronary intervention, with a score of 0 defining complete revascularization.
Rey–Osterrieth complex figure test
The Rey–Osterrieth complex figure test (RCFT) is a neuropsychological test assessing visuospatial ability and visual memory, in which a person copies a complex figure and later draws it from memory.
Rivermead Post-Concussion Symptoms Questionnaire
The Rivermead Post-Concussion Symptoms Questionnaire (RPQ) is a 16-item self-report questionnaire rating the severity of post-concussion symptoms such as headache and dizziness after head injury, introduced in 1995.
RYTHMIC study
RYTHMIC study: 2024 RYTHMIC/ITMIG reproducibility study of pT staging of thymic epithelial tumors under the 8th UICC/AJCC TNM system; none of 15 cases agreed by all experts, kappa rose 0.13 to 0.48.
SAPS II
SAPS II (Simplified Acute Physiology Score II) is an ICU severity-of-illness score estimating hospital mortality risk from 17 variables collected in the first 24 hours.
Sepsis screening
Sepsis screening is the systematic use of vital-sign checks, early warning scores, or electronic alerts to identify possible sepsis early, so antibiotics and resuscitation begin promptly.
Sickness Impact Profile
The Sickness Impact Profile (SIP) is a self-administered questionnaire measuring how sickness changes everyday behavior, with 136 yes/no items in 12 categories, scored 0% to 100% dysfunction.
Simplified Acute Physiology Score
The Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS) is an ICU severity scoring system; its standard version, SAPS II, uses 17 variables from the first 24 hours to predict hospital death.
Sino-Nasal Outcome Test
The Sino-Nasal Outcome Test, or SNOT-22, is a validated 22-item questionnaire that patients with chronic rhinosinusitis complete, scored 0 to 110 with higher scores indicating worse disease.
SMS DPpostop trial
SMS DPpostop (NCT04313855) was a completed 306-patient diagnostic trial at Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint Joseph testing SMS text messaging plus the DN2 questionnaire for early detection of postoperative neuropathic pain after ambulatory surgery; no results posted.
SOAP note
SOAP note: Subjective, Objective, Assessment, Plan progress-note format invented by Lawrence Weed for the problem-oriented medical record (1964/1968); APSO variant moves assessment and plan to the top; widely used in EHRs and AI note generation.
Social Responsiveness Scale
The Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) is a 65-item questionnaire, completed by parents, teachers, or adults, that quantifies social impairment as a continuous trait rather than a categorical autism diagnosis.
SOFA score
SOFA score (Sequential/Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment), with bedside derivative qSOFA: a 0–24 ICU score grading six organ systems 0–4 each; a rise of ≥2 points defines Sepsis-3 organ dysfunction; updated as SOFA-2 in 2025.
Stereo electroencephalography
Stereo electroencephalography (SEEG) is an invasive brain monitoring technique using depth electrodes through small skull holes to locate the seizure onset zone in drug-resistant focal epilepsy.
Stereoelectroencephalography
Stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) is an invasive neurophysiological technique in which depth electrodes are implanted in the brain to locate seizures in drug-resistant focal epilepsy, developed in Paris in the 1950s.
STONE score
The STONE score is a clinical prediction rule that estimates the probability of a ureteral stone in emergency department patients with suspected renal colic, using five bedside variables.