62 articles
Alfred Washington Adson
Alfred Washington Adson (1887–1951) was an American neurosurgeon who founded Mayo Clinic's first neurosurgical department, led it from 1921 to 1946, and described the Adson maneuver for thoracic outlet syndrome.
Amygdalohippocampectomy
Amygdalohippocampectomy is a neurosurgical operation that selectively removes the amygdala and anterior hippocampus to treat drug-resistant mesial temporal lobe epilepsy, sparing the lateral temporal cortex.
Anterior Temporal Lobectomy
Anterior temporal lobectomy (ATL), a neurosurgical resection of the anterior temporal lobe including amygdala, hippocampus, and parahippocampal gyrus, treats drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy; pioneered by Penfield and Falconer, it yields roughly 64% seizure freedom with visual field and memory risks.
Arthur Earl Walker
Arthur Earl Walker (1907–1995) was a Canadian-born American neurosurgeon and epileptologist who succeeded Walter Dandy as professor of neurological surgery at Johns Hopkins in 1947.
Awake craniotomy
Awake craniotomy is a neurosurgical technique in which part of a brain operation is done with the patient awake, allowing real-time testing of speech and movement.
Cerebral revascularization
Cerebral revascularization is a set of neurosurgical procedures, including direct EC-IC bypass and indirect onlay techniques, that restore blood flow to the brain when arteries are narrowed or occluded.
Cerebrospinal fluid diversion
Cerebrospinal fluid diversion is a neurosurgical procedure that redirects CSF flow to relieve hydrocephalus, using implanted shunts draining to the abdomen or endoscopic third ventriculostomy.
Charles Alfred Ballance
Charles Alfred Ballance (1856–1936) was a British surgeon at St Thomas's Hospital who performed the first removal of a cerebellopontine angle tumor in 1894 and the first facial nerve crossover anastomosis in 1895.
Chemical sympathectomy
Chemical sympathectomy is the percutaneous destruction of sympathetic nerves with alcohol or phenol, relieving ischemic and neuropathic pain, vasospastic disease, and excessive sweating, though relief is temporary.
Clinoidectomy
Clinoidectomy, more precisely anterior clinoidectomy, is a neurosurgical operation that drills away the anterior clinoid process of the sphenoid bone to expose the paraclinoid internal carotid artery.
Cordotomy
Cordotomy is a neurosurgical procedure cutting pain fibers in the spinal cord, used to relieve severe, medication-refractory cancer pain on one side of the body.
Cortical stimulation
Cortical stimulation is the application of electrical current directly to the cerebral cortex to locate functionally important areas, used in awake glioma and epilepsy surgery.
Craniectomy
A craniectomy is a neurosurgical operation removing part of the skull to relieve pressure on a swollen brain, most often after traumatic brain injury or malignant stroke.
Cranioplasty
Cranioplasty is a neurosurgical operation that repairs a skull defect, most often after trauma or decompressive craniectomy, using the patient's stored bone flap or a synthetic implant.
Decompressive craniectomy
Decompressive craniectomy is a neurosurgical operation in which part of the skull is removed to lower intracranial pressure, mainly for severe stroke, brain swelling, and traumatic brain injury.
Decompressive hemicraniectomy
Decompressive hemicraniectomy is a neurosurgical operation that removes a large bone flap from one side of the skull to relieve pressure, used mainly for severe stroke and traumatic brain injury.
Direct electrical stimulation
Direct electrical stimulation is a neurosurgical mapping technique that passes brief electrical currents through exposed brain tissue during surgery, transiently disrupting function to identify eloquent areas before tumor resection.
Direct electrocortical stimulation
Direct electrocortical stimulation (ECS), also called direct electrical stimulation, is a neurosurgical technique that maps functional brain areas during surgery by stimulating the exposed cortex.
Dorsal rhizotomy
Dorsal rhizotomy, also known as selective dorsal rhizotomy, is a neurosurgical procedure that divides sensory nerve rootlets to reduce spasticity, most often in children with cerebral palsy.
Duraplasty
Duraplasty is a neurosurgical procedure in which the dura mater is opened and expanded with a graft, chiefly to treat Chiari I malformation and syringomyelia.
Durotomy
Durotomy is a surgical incision, or unintended tear, in the dura mater, the tough outermost membrane around the brain and spinal cord; deliberate in tumor resection, incidental tears are the most common complication of spine surgery.
Electrode implantation
Electrode implantation is the stereotactic surgical placement of electrodes in the brain, mainly to localize seizures in epilepsy or deliver deep brain stimulation for movement disorders.
Encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis
Encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis (EDAS) is an indirect brain revascularization operation, introduced in 1981, in which a scalp artery is laid on the brain surface to treat moyamoya disease.
Endonasal resection
Endonasal resection is a neurosurgical and otolaryngology technique that removes pituitary, skull base, and sinus tumors through the nasal cavity, usually with an endoscope, via modular corridors such as the transsphenoidal route.
Endoscopic endonasal surgery
Endoscopic endonasal surgery is a minimally invasive technique in which neurosurgeons and ENT surgeons reach skull base lesions through the nostrils with a rigid endoscope, avoiding brain retraction.
Endoscopic pituitary surgery
Endoscopic pituitary surgery is a minimally invasive neurosurgical technique that removes pituitary tumors through the nose, first reported in 1992 and now favored at many pituitary centers.
Endovascular coiling
Endovascular coiling is a minimally invasive procedure that fills a brain aneurysm sac with detachable platinum coils delivered through a catheter, the main alternative to surgical clipping.
Gamma Knife surgery
Gamma Knife surgery is a stereotactic radiosurgery method in which about 192 cobalt-60 sources converge on a brain target with submillimeter accuracy, treating tumors, AVMs, and trigeminal neuralgia.
Ganglionectomy
Ganglionectomy: surgical removal of a ganglion. Covers autonomic/sensory ganglion removal (sympathetic, dorsal root, Gasserian) for pain and hyperhidrosis, and wrist ganglion cyst excision, with recurrence 6-41% after surgery.
Gross total resection
Gross total resection (GTR) is the complete removal of all macroscopically visible tumor during surgery, assessed by postoperative MRI within 48 hours and linked to longer survival in glioblastoma.