62 articles
Hemispherotomy
Hemispherotomy is a neurosurgical operation that disconnects one cerebral hemisphere from the rest of the brain to stop drug-resistant epilepsy, most often in children with extensive disease confined to that hemisphere.
HyperArc stereotactic radiosurgery
HyperArc is an automated single-isocenter, non-coplanar VMAT technique for linac-based stereotactic radiosurgery of intracranial targets, developed by Varian for multi-metastasis cases and first used clinically in August 2017.
Hypophysectomy
Hypophysectomy is the surgical removal of the pituitary gland, evolved from open craniotomy to endoscopic endonasal surgery, most often to treat pituitary adenomas; the first transsphenoidal resection was by Hermann Schloffer in 1907.
Laser interstitial thermal therapy
Laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) is a minimally invasive neurosurgical procedure in which a laser fiber, inserted through a small skull opening, destroys brain tumors, radiation necrosis, or epileptic foci under real-time MRI temperature monitoring.
Microelectrode recording
Microelectrode recording (MER) is a neurosurgical technique that records single-neuron electrical activity to locate deep brain stimulation targets such as the subthalamic nucleus by their firing signatures.
Microvascular decompression
Microvascular decompression is a neurosurgical operation that moves an offending blood vessel away from a compressed cranial nerve, most often to relieve trigeminal neuralgia, hemifacial spasm, or glossopharyngeal neuralgia.
Neuro chirurgie
Neurochirurgie (Neuro-Chirurgie) is the French neurosurgery journal of the Société de neurochirurgie de langue française, published by Elsevier Masson since 1955, bimonthly, ISSN 0028-3770, distinct from the German Zentralblatt für Neurochirurgie.
Neuroendoscopes
Neuroendoscopes (neuroendoscopes, MeSH D044582) are rigid or flexible endoscopic instruments for visual examination and surgery within the nervous system, used in hydrocephalus, intraventricular tumors, hemorrhage, and skull base procedures.
Neuroendoscopy
Neuroendoscopy is a minimally invasive neurosurgical technique using an endoscope, introduced through a burr hole or the nose, to treat disease inside the brain ventricles and skull base.
Neuronavigation
Neuronavigation is a neurosurgical technique that tracks surgical instruments against preoperative brain images using optical, electromagnetic, or ultrasonic sensors, used mainly for tumors, epilepsy, and spine surgery.
Neurosurgeons
Neurosurgeons: surgeons treating brain, spine, and nervous system disorders. About 72,967 worldwide (0.93 per 100,000), unevenly distributed; US density 1.58 per 100,000 with 9.8% lacking access; training requires 54 months of clinical neurosurgery.
Neurosurgical Procedures
Neurosurgical procedures, also called neurologic surgical procedures (MeSH E04.525), are operations on the nervous system or its parts, spanning craniotomy, spine fusion and discectomy, neuroendoscopy, stereotaxis, and endovascular techniques.
Occipital nerve stimulation
Occipital nerve stimulation is a neuromodulation treatment in which leads implanted near the occipital nerves deliver electrical pulses to relieve refractory headache and facial pain, including occipital neuralgia and chronic migraine.
Odontoidectomy
Odontoidectomy is a neurosurgical procedure that removes the odontoid process of the second cervical vertebra to relieve compression of the brainstem and upper spinal cord.
Pallidotomy
Pallidotomy is a stereotactic neurosurgical operation that destroys a small target in the globus pallidus internus to relieve Parkinson's motor symptoms, especially levodopa-induced dyskinesia, rigidity, and tremor.
Pediatric neurosurgery
Pediatric neurosurgery: surgical specialty treating children's head, spine, and nervous system disorders, from hydrocephalus and posterior fossa tumors to deformities; requires residency plus pediatric fellowship training.
Pinealectomy
Pinealectomy is the surgical removal of the entire pineal gland, which secretes melatonin. It is an uncommon clinical operation for pineal tumors and a standard research technique for studying circadian rhythms.
Pituitary adenoma resection
Pituitary adenoma resection is a neurosurgical operation that removes a pituitary adenoma, usually through the nasal cavity and sphenoid sinus, most often by endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery.
Psychosurgery
Psychosurgery: surgical destruction of non-diseased brain tissue to treat severe psychiatric illness; originated with Moniz's 1935 leucotomy, peaked with the lobotomy, Nobel Prize 1949, now rare capsulotomy, cingulotomy, and DBS.
Rhizotomy
Rhizotomy, including endoscopic rhizotomy, is a procedure that cuts or lesions spinal nerve roots or their branches, most often to relieve chronic facet joint pain or reduce spasticity in cerebral palsy.
Skull base reconstruction
Skull base reconstruction is the neurosurgical repair of skull base defects after endoscopic endonasal approaches, using vascularized flaps such as the nasoseptal flap to achieve CSF leak rates below 5%.
Stereotaxy
Stereotaxy is a neurosurgical technique that uses a three-dimensional coordinate system to reach targets inside the brain, used for biopsy, deep brain stimulation, and radiosurgery.
Translabyrinthine approach
The translabyrinthine approach is a neurosurgical route that removes the bony labyrinth to reach the internal auditory canal and cerebellopontine angle, used mainly for vestibular schwannoma removal.
Transsphenoidal surgery
Transsphenoidal surgery, also called endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery, removes pituitary adenomas through the nasal cavity and sphenoid sinus, and is the mainstay treatment for most pituitary tumors.
Ultrasound thalamotomy
Ultrasound thalamotomy is a noninvasive neurosurgical procedure in which MRI-guided focused ultrasound heats and destroys part of the thalamus to relieve medication-refractory tremor, first FDA-approved in 2016.
Ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement
Ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt placement is a neurosurgical procedure implanting a catheter system that drains cerebrospinal fluid from a brain ventricle into the peritoneal cavity to treat hydrocephalus.
Ventriculoperitoneal shunt surgery
Ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt surgery is a neurosurgical procedure implanting a catheter system that drains excess cerebrospinal fluid from the brain's ventricles into the abdominal cavity, treating hydrocephalus.
Ventriculostomy
Ventriculostomy is a neurosurgical procedure creating an opening into a cerebral ventricle, either to drain cerebrospinal fluid through an external catheter or, endoscopically, to bypass obstruction in hydrocephalus.
Vestibular schwannoma resection
Vestibular schwannoma resection, often called acoustic neuroma removal, is a neurosurgical operation performed through translabyrinthine, retrosigmoid, or middle cranial fossa corridors, with stereotactic radiosurgery as a non-invasive alternative.
Victor Horsley
Sir Victor Alexander Haden Horsley was a British surgeon and physiologist, often called the world's first neurosurgeon, who performed the first spinal cord tumor removal in 1887.