98 articles
Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy
Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) is a cancer treatment in which chemotherapy heated to 41–43 °C is circulated inside the abdomen after cytoreductive surgery, used for peritoneal metastases of colorectal, ovarian, gastric, and appendiceal cancers.
Implant-based breast reconstruction
Implant-based breast reconstruction, also called implant breast reconstruction, is surgery that rebuilds the breast after mastectomy with a silicone or saline implant, placed directly or after staged tissue expansion.
Incisional negative pressure wound therapy
Incisional negative pressure wound therapy (ciNPWT, also called closed-incision negative pressure therapy) applies sealed suction dressings over fresh surgical incisions for several days, reducing surgical site infection and dehiscence in high-risk patients.
Interstitial photodynamic therapy
Interstitial photodynamic therapy is a cancer treatment in which optical fibers placed inside a tumor deliver light that activates a photosensitizing drug, destroying tissue from within.
Irreversible electroporation
Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is a non-thermal tumor ablation technique, proposed in 2005, that kills cells with high-voltage electric pulses while sparing blood vessels, ducts, and surrounding tissue, making it useful for tumors near vital structures.
Laceration repair
Laceration repair is the clinical procedure of closing torn skin or soft tissue wounds with sutures, staples, tissue adhesives, or adhesive strips, aiming for hemostasis, cosmetic appearance, and reduced infection risk.
Latissimus dorsi flap reconstruction
The latissimus dorsi flap transfers the fan-shaped latissimus dorsi muscle of the back, usually with a skin paddle, to reconstruct breast and chest wall defects.
Lip reconstruction
Lip reconstruction is the set of surgical methods used to repair full-thickness or partial defects of the upper or lower lip after trauma or, most commonly, resection of malignancy.
Lumpectomy
Lumpectomy, also called partial mastectomy or breast-conserving surgery, removes a breast tumor with a rim of healthy tissue while leaving the rest of the breast.
Lymph node mapping
Lymph node mapping is a surgical and imaging technique that identifies the first lymph node draining a tumor, guiding biopsy and staging in breast cancer and melanoma.
Lymphadenectomy
Lymphadenectomy, also called lymph node dissection, is surgery to remove regional lymph nodes, performed mainly to stage cancer. Common sites include the axilla, groin, neck, and retroperitoneum.
Lymphatic reconstruction
Lymphatic reconstruction, also known as immediate lymphatic reconstruction (ILR), is a microsurgical procedure that connects lymphatic vessels to veins to prevent or treat lymphedema after cancer surgery.
Lymphaticovenular anastomosis
Lymphaticovenular anastomosis (LVA) is a minimally invasive microsurgical operation connecting sub-1 mm lymphatic vessels to small veins so lymph drains into the bloodstream, a physiologic treatment for lymphedema.
Mammaplasty
Mammaplasty is a plastic-surgery operation that reshapes, reduces, or enlarges the breast, covering reduction for pain relief, augmentation, mastopexy, and reconstruction after mastectomy.
Mammoplasty
Mammoplasty is plastic surgery of the breast covering three operations: augmentation to add volume, reduction to remove tissue, and reconstruction after mastectomy, often using implants.
Metastasectomy
Metastasectomy is a surgical oncology procedure that removes metastatic tumors, most often in the lung, liver, brain, bone, or adrenal gland, to treat cancer that has spread.
Microsurgical reconstruction
Microsurgical reconstruction uses an operating microscope to reattach or transplant blood vessels with lumens under 3 mm, so a transferred flap or amputated part regains a blood supply; it underpins microsurgical breast reconstruction.
Microtia reconstruction
Microtia reconstruction is a surgical procedure that builds an external ear for patients with microtia, using rib cartilage or a porous polyethylene implant, typically around age 8.
Microvascular anastomosis
Microvascular anastomosis is the surgical connection of blood vessels under 3 mm wide, done under magnification to restore blood flow in free flap and replantation surgery.
Modified radical mastectomy
A modified radical mastectomy (MRM) is a breast cancer operation that removes the entire breast and axillary lymph nodes while preserving the pectoralis major, introduced by Patey and Dyson in 1948.
Multivisceral resection
Multivisceral resection (MVR) is a surgical oncology procedure in which a primary tumor and adjacent invaded organs are removed together en bloc to achieve clear margins.
Myocutaneous flap
A myocutaneous flap, or musculocutaneous flap, is a compound flap of muscle with overlying skin transferred on the muscle's blood supply to reconstruct tissue defects.
Myocutaneous flap necrosis
Myocutaneous flap necrosis, also called flap necrosis or skin paddle necrosis, is death of transferred skin-muscle tissue from vascular compromise; venous congestion kills flaps within 3 hours, rates range from about 7-12% in free flaps, and smoking, diabetes, and radiotherapy raise risk.
Nerve crush
Nerve crush is a surgical technique that deliberately compresses a peripheral nerve to interrupt axons while preserving the connective tissue sheaths, producing a standardized axonotmesis used to study nerve regeneration.
Nerve Expansion
Nerve expansion (nerve lengthening, nerve stretching): MeSH-defined procedures that gradually elongate nerves to repair nerve tissue; experimental tissue-expander and fixator methods, not yet standard treatment.
Nerve grafting
Nerve grafting is a plastic and reconstructive surgery technique that bridges gaps in injured peripheral nerves with donor nerve segments, most often the patient's own sural nerve, so regenerating axons can cross the defect.
Nipple reconstruction
Nipple reconstruction is a surgical procedure that recreates a projecting nipple on a reconstructed breast using local skin flaps or grafts, with tattooing to restore color.
Omentoplasty
Omentoplasty is a surgical procedure in which the greater omentum is transposed as a vascularized flap to fill defects, control infection, close bronchopleural fistulas, and treat lymphedema.
Oncoplastic breast surgery
Oncoplastic breast surgery, also called oncoplastic breast conserving surgery, combines wide tumor removal with immediate reshaping of the breast to keep clear margins and normal shape.
Palate re-repair
Palate re-repair is a revision operation that re-dissects and repositions the velar muscles of a previously repaired cleft palate to correct persistent velopharyngeal insufficiency, proposed as an alternative to pharyngeal flap or sphincter pharyngoplasty.