98 articles
Palate repair
Palate repair, also called cleft palate repair or palatoplasty, is the surgical closure of a cleft palate, typically done when a child is 4 to 18 months old.
Panniculectomy
Panniculectomy is a surgical operation that removes the pannus, an overhanging apron of excess abdominal skin and fat, usually after major weight loss, to relieve rashes and infections.
Perforator flap
A perforator flap is a reconstructive technique in which skin and fat are transferred on small vessels piercing the muscle, sparing the muscle, most often for breast reconstruction.
Peritonectomy
Peritonectomy is a surgical oncology procedure that strips resectable peritoneal metastases from the abdominal lining, usually combined with heated intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC), introduced by Paul Sugarbaker in 1995.
Photothermal therapy
Photothermal therapy, also called cancer photothermal therapy, is a cancer treatment in which light-absorbing agents convert near-infrared laser light into heat that kills tumor cells while sparing healthy tissue.
Prepectoral breast reconstruction
Prepectoral breast reconstruction is an implant-based technique performed after mastectomy in which the implant is placed above the pectoralis major muscle, avoiding animation deformity, muscle pain, and pectoralis dissection.
Pressurized intraperitoneal aerosol chemotherapy
Pressurized intraperitoneal aerosol chemotherapy (PIPAC) is a repeatable laparoscopic technique, first reported in 2013, that nebulizes low-dose chemotherapy into the abdomen to treat peritoneal carcinomatosis.
Primary palatoplasty
Primary palatoplasty is the surgical closure of a cleft palate, typically performed between 4 and 18 months of age to separate the oral and nasal cavities and enable normal speech.
Prophylactic mastectomy
Prophylactic mastectomy is the removal of one or both breasts that do not contain cancer, done to reduce risk, cutting incidence by roughly 90 to 95% in high-risk women.
Quadrantectomy
Quadrantectomy is a breast-conserving operation for early breast cancer that removes the entire tumor-bearing quadrant with skin and fascia, developed in Milan by Umberto Veronesi and validated against radical mastectomy with equivalent survival.
R0 resection
An R0 resection is a cancer operation after which no residual tumor remains, meaning the pathologist finds no tumor cells at or near any resection margin.
Radical mastectomy
The radical (Halsted) mastectomy is an operation for breast cancer removing the breast, both pectoral muscles, and all axillary lymph nodes, devised by William Halsted in 1894.
Radical resection
Radical resection is the en bloc surgical removal of a malignant tumor with a margin of healthy tissue and often regional lymph nodes, aiming to leave no cancer cells behind.
Re-excision
Re-excision is a surgical procedure, used mainly after breast-conserving surgery for breast cancer, that removes additional tissue to clear positive or close margins on pathology.
Regenerative peripheral nerve interface surgery
Regenerative peripheral nerve interface (RPNI) surgery implants a transected nerve into a free muscle graft, amplifying EMG signals for prosthetic control and reducing neuroma pain.
Replantation
Replantation is the surgical reattachment of a completely severed body part, such as a finger, thumb, hand, or limb, with blood vessels repaired under a microscope to restore circulation.
Scalp reconstruction
Scalp reconstruction is the set of surgical techniques for closing scalp defects, using primary closure, skin grafts, local flaps, tissue expansion, or free tissue transfer, chosen by defect size.
Scar excision
Scar excision, also known as scar revision, is a surgical procedure that cuts out an existing scar and re-closes the wound to produce a finer, better-oriented scar.
Skin expansion
Skin expansion is a surgical technique in which an inflatable device implanted under the skin is gradually filled to stretch tissue, generating extra skin for repairs, mainly breast reconstruction.
Skin graft failure
Skin graft failure (ICD-11 EL53) is loss of a grafted skin, via necrosis, dehiscence, or rejection. Causes include hematoma, infection, shear; rates 3.6% STSG, higher in full-thickness and lower limb grafts.
Skin-sparing mastectomy
Skin-sparing mastectomy, first described in 1991, is a breast cancer operation that removes all breast tissue and the nipple-areola complex while preserving about 90–95% of the skin.
Split-thickness skin grafting
Split-thickness skin grafting transplants a thin layer of skin, the epidermis plus part of the dermis, from a donor site to cover wounds elsewhere on the body.
Staged excision
Staged excision is a surgical technique that removes a skin tumor layer by layer, with each specimen examined microscopically, used mainly for melanoma in situ such as lentigo maligna.
Subcutaneous mastectomy
Subcutaneous mastectomy, also known as nipple-sparing mastectomy, is a surgical procedure that removes nearly all breast tissue while preserving the skin envelope and nipple-areola complex.
Surgical Flaps
Surgical flaps: tissue transferred with its own blood supply for reconstruction. Types include local, pedicled, free, axial-pattern, and perforator flaps such as DIEP and ALT; origins trace to Sushruta.
Surgically-Created Structures
Surgically-Created Structures is a Medical Subject Headings descriptor covering organs surgically formed from adjacent tissue to replace tissue that is diseased or surgically removed, distinct from prostheses and implants.
Targeted intraoperative radiotherapy
Targeted intraoperative radiotherapy (TARGIT) delivers a single dose of low-energy X-rays to the tumor bed during breast-conserving surgery, replacing weeks of daily radiotherapy for many patients with early-stage breast cancer.
Targeted muscle reinnervation
Targeted muscle reinnervation, also known as targeted reinnervation, is a surgical procedure that redirects nerves severed by amputation to reduce phantom limb pain and improve prosthetic control.
Tissue expansion
Tissue expansion is a surgical technique in which an implanted balloon is gradually inflated to stretch nearby skin, generating matched tissue for reconstruction, most often for burns and breast reconstruction.
Total mastectomy
Total mastectomy, also called simple mastectomy, is an operation removing the entire breast, including the nipple, areola, and skin, while leaving the axillary lymph nodes and chest muscles in place.