963 articles
Familial tumoral calcinosis
Familial tumoral calcinosis (FTC, OMIM 211900) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder causing juxta-articular calcified masses; hyperphosphatemic forms result from FGF23, GALNT3, or KL mutations disrupting phosphate regulation.
Fasciitis or fibromatosis
Fasciitis or fibromatosis (FB51.2) is an ICD-11 fibroblastic disorders code covering nodular fasciitis, also called pseudosarcomatous fibromatosis, a rare benign rapidly growing subcutaneous soft tissue tumor.
Fat pad sign
Fat pad sign (sail sign): radiographic displacement of the elbow's intracapsular anterior and posterior fat pads by joint effusion, indicating occult fracture after trauma; posterior pad visibility is always abnormal.
Fatigue fracture of vertebra
Fatigue fracture of vertebra (ICD-11 FA72.3) is a stress fracture of spinal bone from repetitive submaximal load on normal bone, chiefly affecting the pars interarticularis, pedicle, and sacrum in athletes; distinct from osteoporotic insufficiency fractures.
Febuxostat
Febuxostat (Adenuric, Uloric) is a nonpurine xanthine oxidase inhibitor for hyperuricemia in gout, FDA-approved 2009; CARES showed higher cardiovascular death versus allopurinol, FAST did not, prompting a US boxed warning.
Felty's syndrome
Felty's syndrome (Chauffard-Still-Felty syndrome): rare triad of seropositive rheumatoid arthritis, splenomegaly, and neutropenia (ANC under 1500/mm3), described by Augustus Roi Felty in 1924, overlapping with T-LGL leukemia.
Femoroacetabular impingement
Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI, FAI syndrome): hip condition with cam, pincer, or combined extra bone causing abnormal joint contact, pain, labral and cartilage damage, and early osteoarthritis risk.
Fibroblastic rheumatism
Fibroblastic rheumatism (le rhumatisme fibroblastique), ORPHA:477650, is a rare rheumatologic disease first described in 1980, combining sudden symmetric distal polyarthritis with firm skin nodules, sclerodactyly, and fibroblastic dermal proliferation; about 30 cases reported worldwide.
Fibrochondrogenesis
Fibrochondrogenesis (ORPHA:2021, OMIM 228520/614524) is a rare, mostly neonatally lethal short-limb skeletal dysplasia from COL11A1 or COL11A2 mutations affecting type XI collagen, with flat midface, dumbbell long bones, and pinched vertebral bodies.
Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva
Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP, myositis ossificans progressiva, stone man disease) is an ultra-rare ACVR1 genetic disorder in which muscle, tendons, and ligaments progressively turn to bone, marked by congenital malformed big toes, flare-ups, and treatments palovarotene, garetosmab, and zilurgisertib.
Fibromyalgia
Fibromyalgia, also called fibromyalgia syndrome, is a chronic disorder of widespread pain, fatigue, and sleep problems, diagnosed clinically with no biomarker. It affects about 1.5–2% of people, mostly women; exercise is first-line, drugs give only small benefits.
Fibrosarcoma
Fibrosarcoma is a rare malignant tumor of fibroblastic origin arising in deep soft tissue and bone, spanning an aggressive adult form and an infantile form with excellent survival.
Fibrosis
Fibrosis, or fibrotic scarring, is the excessive buildup of scar tissue in organs such as the lung, liver, heart, and kidney after chronic injury, impairing function.
Fibrous dysplasia of bone
Fibrous dysplasia of bone (FD), also called fibrous dysplasia/McCune-Albright syndrome when syndromic, is a rare benign skeletal disorder from postzygotic GNAS mutations in which fibrous tissue replaces bone, causing pain, deformity, and fractures; monostotic in about 70% of cases.
Fibular aplasia-complex brachydactyly syndrome
Fibular aplasia-complex brachydactyly syndrome, or Du Pan syndrome (ORPHA:2639, OMIM 228900), is an autosomal recessive GDF5-related skeletal disorder with fibular aplasia and complex brachydactyly; fewer than 30 cases reported, no specific treatment.
Fields condition
Fields condition, or Fields' disease, is an extremely rare neuromuscular disease known only from Welsh twins Catherine and Kirstie Fields of Llanelli: progressive muscle degeneration, painful spasms, lost mobility and speech, no identified cause or cure.
Fingerprint body myopathy
Fingerprint body myopathy (OMIM 305550, ORPHA:97232) is a rare congenital myopathy with neonatal hypotonia, weakness, and fingerprint-pattern lamellar inclusions seen only on electron microscopy; under 20 patients reported.
FKRP-related limb-girdle muscular dystrophy R9
FKRP-related limb-girdle muscular dystrophy R9 (LGMDR9, formerly LGMD2I) is an autosomal recessive dystroglycanopathy from FKRP mutations impairing alpha-dystroglycan glycosylation, causing progressive proximal weakness, cardiomyopathy, and respiratory involvement; the c.826C>A founder mutation is common in Scandinavia and the UK.
Flexion deformity
Flexion deformity, also called flexion contracture (ICD-11 FA31.2, ICD-10 M21.2), is a bent joint that cannot be straightened actively or passibly due to structural changes in muscle, tendon, ligament, or skin; common in knee osteoarthritis, neuromuscular disease, and brachial plexus birth injury, treated by stretching, bracing, casting, or surgery.
Focal myositis
Focal myositis (focal nodular myositis, inflammatory pseudotumor of skeletal muscle) is a rare, benign, localized inflammation of a single skeletal muscle, usually in the lower limb, presenting as a mass that typically regresses spontaneously; biopsy confirms diagnosis.
Fracture epidemiology and prevention
Fracture epidemiology and prevention is the population-level study of how often fractures occur and who sustains them, plus strategies like fall reduction, exercise, and osteoporosis treatment that lower rates.
Fracture of angle of mandible
Fracture of angle of mandible: break at the jaw's angle, the most common mandibular fracture site. Caused by assaults and motor vehicle collisions; highest complication rate of mandibular fractures; treated by miniplate or reconstruction plate fixation.
Fracture of calcaneus
Fracture of calcaneus (heel bone), also called lover's or Don Juan fracture: 1-2% of all fractures, ~75% intra-articular, from axial load falls; surgery aids work return and shoe fit but raises complications.
Fracture of clavicle
Fracture of clavicle (collarbone fracture), ICD-11 NC12.0: a common shoulder girdle injury, 80% midshaft, treated with sling or plate fixation; surgery favored for displaced adult midshaft fractures.
Fracture of coccyx
Fracture of coccyx (tailbone fracture), ICD-11 NB52.11, ICD-10 S32.2: break in the 3-5 fused vertebrae at the spine's base, usually from a backward fall or childbirth; diagnosed clinically, treated conservatively in about 90% of cases, with coccygectomy reserved for refractory pain.
Fracture of cuboid bone
Fracture of the cuboid bone, a rare midfoot injury (about 1.8 per 100,000 annually in the UK), often with Lisfranc or Chopart injuries; nutcracker compression mechanism; surgery if step-off over 1 mm or lateral column shortening over 3 mm.
Fracture of femur
Fracture of femur (broken thigh bone, ICD-11 NC72): break in the femur from hip to knee, classified by site (neck, shaft, distal). Usually needs surgery; children treated by age-based algorithms.
Fracture of fibula
Fracture of fibula (broken calf bone; ICD-11 NC92.4, ICD-10 S82.4). Usually occurs with tibia or ankle fractures; isolated cases rarely need surgery and heal in 6-8 weeks; Weber A-C classify distal fractures.
Fracture of forearm
Fracture of forearm (ICD-11 NC32): break of the radius, ulna, or both. Common in children (74% of upper-limb immature injuries); adults usually need plate fixation, children casting; nonunion in 2–10%.
Fracture of great toe
A fracture of the great toe is a break of a phalanx bone of the hallux, usually from a direct blow, and normally heals without surgery.