229 articles
Ozenoxacin
Ozenoxacin (Xepi, Ozanex) is a nonfluorinated quinolone topical antibiotic, 1% cream, FDA approved December 2017 for impetigo due to S. aureus or S. pyogenes in patients 2 months and older, applied twice daily for 5 days.
Pazufloxacin
Pazufloxacin (T-3761), a synthetic fluoroquinolone antibiotic from Toyama Chemical, oral and injectable mesylate (T-3762) forms, launched in Japan in 2002, used for respiratory, urinary, and enteric bacterial infections.
Penicillin
Penicillin, the first antibiotic, is a beta-lactam from Penicillium molds discovered by Fleming in 1928, developed by Florey and Chain at Oxford, mass-produced by 1943, and honored with the 1945 Nobel Prize; it kills bacteria by blocking peptidoglycan cross-linking.
Pexiganan
Pexiganan, also known as MSI-78, is a synthetic antimicrobial peptide analog of magainin 2, developed as a topical treatment for mildly infected diabetic foot ulcers.
Phenoxymethylpenicillin
Phenoxymethylpenicillin, or penicillin V, is an acid-stable, narrow-spectrum oral β-lactam antibiotic developed at Lilly from phenoxyacetic acid and made oral by Brandl at Biochemie in 1952; used for streptococcal and respiratory infections.
Phenyl aminosalicylate
Phenyl aminosalicylate (fenamisal, CAS 133-11-9) is the phenyl ester prodrug of para-aminosalicylic acid, a tuberculostatic antituberculosis drug marketed from 1959 as Pheny-Pas-Tebamin and later discontinued.
Phthalylsulfathiazole
Phthalylsulfathiazole (Sulfathalidine, Фталазол), ATC A07AB02, is a poorly absorbed sulfonamide prodrug releasing sulfathiazole in the colon; discovered by Poth and Ross in 1943, DDD 9 g oral, used for intestinal infections.
Piperacillin/tazobactam
Piperacillin/tazobactam (Zosyn) is an intravenous penicillin plus beta-lactamase inhibitor combination approved in the US in 1993 for intra-abdominal, pneumonia, skin, and pelvic infections, with dosing 3.375-4.5 g every 6 hours and known AKI risk with vancomycin.
Pivampicillin
Pivampicillin, marketed as Pondocillin, is an inactive ester prodrug of the antibiotic ampicillin that is converted to ampicillin after absorption, giving higher blood levels than ampicillin itself.
Povidone-iodine
Povidone-iodine (PVP-I, Betadine) is a water-soluble iodophor antiseptic complexing iodine with polyvinylpyrrolidone, introduced in the 1950s; broadest antimicrobial spectrum among common antiseptics, no observed resistance, used in surgical skin prep and ophthalmic antisepsis.
Pretomanid
Pretomanid (PA-824, EU name Dovprela) is an oral nitroimidazooxazine prodrug antibiotic for drug-resistant tuberculosis, used only in BPaL/BPaLM regimens; FDA-approved August 14, 2019, developed by TB Alliance.
Propamidine
Propamidine, also known by the brand name Brolene, is an aromatic diamidine antiseptic used topically, most commonly in 0.1% eye drops for minor eye and eyelid infections.
Protionamide
Protionamide (prothionamide, Pto), a thionamide prodrug and therapeutic alternative to ethionamide for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis; activated by EthA, inhibits InhA and mycolic acid synthesis; WHO EML-listed, 15-20 mg/kg/day.
Prulifloxacin
Prulifloxacin (NM441, brands Sword, Unidrox) is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic prodrug of ulifloxacin, approved in Japan (2002) and Europe, used for urinary and respiratory tract infections, dosed 600 mg once daily.
Quinolone antibiotic
Quinolone antibiotics (fluoroquinolones such as ciprofloxacin) are synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotics inhibiting bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV; first quinolone nalidixic acid, 1962, from chloroquine synthesis; EU restricted the class in 2019 over disabling side effects.
Quinupristin
Quinupristin, a semisynthetic group B streptogramin from pristinamycin I, is the 30:70 partner of dalfopristin in Synercid, an intravenous ribosome-targeting antibiotic once approved for vancomycin-resistant E. faecium, now discontinued in the US.
RECCE 327 topical gel (R327G)
RECCE 327 topical gel (R327G) is a synthetic acrolein polymer anti-infective gel from Recce Pharmaceuticals, in registrational Phase 3 trials for diabetic foot infections in Indonesia and Australia, with Phase II ABSSSI efficacy of 93%.
Relebactam anhydrous
Relebactam anhydrous (MK-7655, C12H20N4O6S, 348.38 g/mol) is a diazabicyclooctane beta-lactamase inhibitor inhibiting KPC and AmpC enzymes; combined with imipenem/cilastatin as Recarbrio, FDA-approved July 2019 for gram-negative infections.
Retapamulin
Retapamulin, sold as Altabax and Altargo, is a topical pleuromutilin antibiotic developed by GlaxoSmithKline for superficial skin infections like impetigo, the first of its class approved for humans in 2007.
Ridinilazole
Ridinilazole (formerly SMT19969) is a non-absorbable, narrow-spectrum bis-benzimidazole antibiotic for Clostridioides difficile infection that binds C. difficile DNA in the minor groove; phase 3 trials showed lower recurrence than vancomycin but missed superiority, and Summit sold it to Biossil in 2026.
Rifalazil
Rifalazil (KRM-1648, ABI-1648), a benzoxazinorifamycin antibiotic from Kaneka, inhibits bacterial RNA polymerase with a ~60 h half-life; phase II trials for tuberculosis and chlamydia ended after toxicity, development terminated 2013.
Rifampicin
Rifampicin (rifampin), a semisynthetic rifamycin antibiotic from Amycolatopsis rifamycinica developed by Lepetit in 1965, inhibits bacterial DNA-dependent RNA polymerase and anchors 6-month tuberculosis therapy; resistance maps to rpoB and it strongly induces CYP3A4.
Rifamycin
Rifamycin is a class of antibiotics from the soil bacterium Amycolatopsis mediterranei, first isolated in 1957, that kill bacteria by inhibiting RNA polymerase and include rifampicin, the backbone of tuberculosis therapy.
Rifapentine
Rifapentine (Priftin) is a cyclopentyl rifamycin antibiotic for tuberculosis, FDA approved 1998; with isoniazid it forms the 3HP and 1HP preventive regimens; resistance via rpoB mutations.
Rifaquizinone
Rifaquizinone (TNP-2092, CBR-2092) is a rifamycin-quinolizinone hybrid antibiotic by TenNor Therapeutics that inhibits RNA polymerase, DNA gyrase, and topoisomerase IV, developed for prosthetic joint infections and ABSSSI.
Rifasutenizol
Rifasutenizol (TNP-2198), TenNor Therapeutics' rifamycin-nitroimidazole conjugate antibiotic, targets H. pylori via dual RNA polymerase inhibition and nitroreductase-mediated DNA damage; Phase 3 showed ~92% eradication, NDA filed August 2025.
Rifaximin
Rifaximin (Xifaxan), a minimally absorbed rifamycin antibiotic binding bacterial RpoB RNA polymerase; treats travelers' diarrhea, IBS-D, and hepatic encephalopathy; <0.4% absorbed, 97% recovered unchanged in stool.
Sarecycline
Sarecycline (Seysara) is a narrow-spectrum, once-daily oral tetracycline-class antibiotic approved by the FDA in October 2018 for inflammatory lesions of non-nodular moderate to severe acne vulgaris in patients aged 9 and older, dosed 60-150 mg by weight.
Silver sulfadiazine
Silver sulfadiazine (SSD), also called Flammazine, is a 1% topical cream combining silver and the sulfonamide sulfadiazine, introduced by Charles Fox Jr. in 1968 for preventing and treating infection in burn wounds.
Sisomicin
Sisomicin (J01GB08) is an aminoglycoside antibiotic from Micromonospora inyoensis, closely related to gentamicin C1a, with greater activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa; studied in the 1970s–1980s against gentamicin and tobramycin.