229 articles
Temafloxacin
Temafloxacin (Omniflox, Abbott) was a fluoroquinolone antibiotic approved in the US in January 1992 and withdrawn worldwide in June 1992 after immune hemolytic anemia, renal failure, and hypoglycemia caused three deaths.
Temocillin
Temocillin is a semisynthetic 6-α-methoxy derivative of ticarcillin, a narrow-spectrum penicillin active against Enterobacterales including ESBL- and AmpC-producing strains; developed in the 1980s, abandoned, and revived as a carbapenem-sparing antibiotic.
Tetracycline
Tetracycline, a broad-spectrum antibiotic of the tetracycline class (chlortetracycline, Aureomycin, doxycycline), made in 1953 from chlortetracycline; bacteriostatic 30S ribosome inhibitor limited by efflux and ribosomal-protection resistance and tooth staining in children.
Tincture of iodine
Tincture of iodine (iodine tincture, weak iodine solution): 2–7% iodine with iodide salt in ethanol-water antiseptic; used for skin sterilization since Grossich's 1908 method; stains and irritates skin.
Tinidazole
Tinidazole, a synthetic nitroimidazole antimicrobial developed by Pfizer and approved in the United States in 2004, treats trichomoniasis, giardiasis, and amebiasis, with a longer half-life than metronidazole.
Tobramycin
Tobramycin (3'-deoxykanamycin B, from Streptomyces tenebrarius) is an aminoglycoside antibiotic active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, given by injection, inhalation for cystic fibrosis, and ophthalmic drops; dose-limited by ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity.
Tribromsalan
Tribromsalan (TBS, 3,4',5-tribromosalicylanilide, CAS 87-10-5) is a brominated salicylanilide formerly used as an antimicrobial in medicated soaps, banned by the FDA in 1975 and prohibited in EU cosmetics for causing photosensitization.
Triclosan
Triclosan (2,4,4'-trichloro-2'-hydroxydiphenyl ether) is a chlorinated diphenyl ether antimicrobial inhibiting bacterial FabI, used in toothpastes and formerly consumer antibacterial soaps, banned by FDA in 2016.
Trimethoprim
Trimethoprim (TMP) is an antibiotic that reversibly inhibits bacterial dihydrofolate reductase; developed by Hitchings and Elion, it is used for urinary tract infections and as co-trimoxazole with sulfamethoxazole.
Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole
Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, abbreviated TMP-SMX and sold as Bactrim, is a fixed-dose combination antibiotic introduced in 1968 that blocks bacterial folate synthesis and is the treatment of choice for Pneumocystis pneumonia.
Troleandomycin
Troleandomycin (triacetyloleandomycin, TAO) is a discontinued semi-synthetic 14-membered macrolide antibiotic made by acetylating oleandomycin, approved in 1969 for respiratory infections and known as a prototypical mechanism-based CYP3A4 inhibitor.
Trovafloxacin
Trovafloxacin (Trovan), with IV prodrug alatrofloxacin, is a withdrawn fluoroquinolone antibiotic approved in 1997-1998 and removed after serious hepatotoxicity; distinct 1,8-naphthyridine nucleus, DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV inhibition.
Tyrothricin
Tyrothricin, a peptide antibiotic complex from Brevibacillus parabrevis discovered by René Dubos in 1939, mixes tyrocidines and gramicidins; first mass-produced antibiotic, topical use only due to hemolytic toxicity.
Vaborbactam
Vaborbactam (RPX7009) is a cyclic boronic acid, non-beta-lactam beta-lactamase inhibitor inhibiting class A and C serine beta-lactamases including KPC, not class B or D. Co-formulated with meropenem as Vabomere/Vaborem, FDA-approved 2017 for complicated urinary tract infection.
Vaccae (Mycobacterium vaccae for injection)
Vaccae (注射用母牛分枝杆菌, trade name Weika) is a heat-killed Mycobacterium vaccae injection made in Hefei, China, approved as tuberculosis immunotherapy in 2001 and, since 2021, to prevent pulmonary TB in latently infected people aged 15 to 65.
Vancomycin
Vancomycin: glycopeptide antibiotic from Amycolatopsis orientalis, discovered 1952, approved 1958; binds D-Ala-D-Ala to block cell wall synthesis; first-line for MRSA; 2020 guidelines target AUC/MIC 400–600 mg·h/L.
Zabofloxacin
Zabofloxacin (DW-224a, Zabolante, PB-101) is a fluoronaphthyridone fluoroquinolone antibiotic by Dong Wha Pharmaceutical, approved in South Korea in 2015 for acute bacterial COPD exacerbation, with dual DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV targeting.
Zidebactam
Zidebactam (WCK 5107) is an investigational intravenous antibiotic adjuvant developed by Wockhardt that binds Gram-negative PBP2 and inhibits β-lactamases; with cefepime it reached Phase 3 in the ENHANCE trial.
Zoliflodacin
Zoliflodacin (Nuzolvence, formerly AZD0914/ETX0914) is a first-in-class spiropyrimidinetrione antibiotic, a single 3 g oral dose targeting GyrB, approved by the FDA on December 12, 2025 for uncomplicated urogenital gonorrhea.