864 articles
Racing thoughts
Racing thoughts (tachyphrenia) is a symptom of abnormally fast, uncontrollable thinking, first named in DSM-III 1980 mania criteria; also seen in depression, ADHD, anxiety, and insomnia.
RAISE ETP trial
RAISE-ETP, the NIMH Recovery After an Initial Schizophrenia Episode Early Treatment Program, was a 34-site cluster-randomized trial (404 participants) showing NAVIGATE coordinated specialty care improved quality of life, symptoms, and cost-effectiveness in first-episode psychosis versus usual community care.
Ralph Crawshaw
Ralph Shelton Crawshaw (1921–2014) was a Portland, Oregon psychiatrist best known for his work with mentally ill and addicted physicians and for co-designing the Oregon Health Plan.
Ralph O. Wallerstein
Ralph O. Wallerstein (1922–2009) was a German-born American hematologist and internist, chief of clinical hematology at San Francisco General Hospital for nearly 30 years and a UCSF clinical professor.
Rape trauma syndrome
Rape trauma syndrome (RTS), described by Burgess and Holmstrom in 1974, is a cluster of post-rape reactions in acute and reorganization phases; not a DSM-5 diagnosis, contested scientifically and in court.
Rapid cycling
Rapid cycling, a course specifier of bipolar I and II disorder (ICD-11 6A80.5), means at least four manic, hypomanic, or depressive mood episodes within 12 months, associated with poorer treatment response.
Rat Park
Rat Park: Bruce Alexander's Simon Fraser University colony-housing experiments (1978-1981) showing socially housed rats drank less morphine than isolated caged rats; direct replication failed in 1996, conceptual replication is mixed but supportive.
Rational emotive behavior therapy
Rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT), created by Albert Ellis in 1955, is the pioneering cognitive behavior therapy using the ABC model of activating events, irrational beliefs, and consequences, renamed REBT in 1993.
Rauch-Steindl syndrome
Rauch-Steindl syndrome, abbreviated RAUST, is an extremely rare autosomal dominant neurodevelopmental disorder caused by variants or deletions of the NSD2 gene, causing poor growth, distinct facial features, and developmental delay.
Reactive attachment disorder
Reactive attachment disorder (RAD), ICD-11 code 6B44, is a rare childhood diagnosis of emotionally withdrawn, inhibited attachment behavior after severe neglect; DSM-5 separates it from disinhibited social engagement disorder, and foster care intervention reduces its signs.
Reality therapy
Reality therapy is a counseling and psychotherapy method developed by William Glasser, built on choice theory and the WDEP system of wants, doing, evaluation, and planning.
Reciprocal inhibition
Reciprocal inhibition is a behavioral therapy principle, defined by Joseph Wolpe in 1954, in which anxiety is weakened by pairing feared stimuli with an incompatible response like deep muscle relaxation.
Recovery coaching
Recovery coaching is a non-clinical support method in which a trained peer, typically in remission from substance use disorder, helps individuals access care and pursue recovery goals.
Referential thinking
Referential thinking, also called ideas of reference, is the tendency to interpret neutral events or others' actions as carrying unusual meaning directed at oneself; it is a common psychotic symptom.
Reframe-IT+U trial
Reframe-IT+U trial (NCT07001202): a quasi-experimental pilot of a six-session blended CBT intervention for suicidal ideation in Chilean university students, adapted from Reframe-IT+ (schools) and Reframe-IT (Australia), assessing acceptability and feasibility.
Relaxation therapy
Relaxation therapy, also known as relaxation techniques, is a behavioral treatment using progressive muscle relaxation, breathing exercises, and guided imagery to reduce anxiety, stress, and insomnia.
Religion and schizophrenia
Religion and schizophrenia: religious delusions affect 6–63.3% of patients, religious coping is used by up to 80%, and religiosity shapes help-seeking, adherence, and recovery.
Religious delusion
Religious delusion (ICD-11 MB26.08) is a delusion with religious or spiritual content rejected by the person's own religious group; DSM exempts culturally accepted faith, and clinical features, history, and prognosis distinguish it from belief.
Reminiscence therapy
Reminiscence therapy is a psychotherapeutic approach using guided recall of past life experiences, prompted by photographs, music, or objects, with the strongest evidence for reducing depressive symptoms in older adults.
Research diagnostic criteria
The Research Diagnostic Criteria are explicit, symptom-based criteria for 25 psychiatric disorders, published in 1978 by Spitzer, Endicott, and Robins as the basis for DSM-III.
Research Domain Criteria
The Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) is a research framework launched by NIMH in 2009 that classifies psychopathology by dimensions of behavior and neurobiological functioning rather than symptom-based diagnostic categories.
Respite care
Respite care (temporary relief care for family caregivers; lifespan respite) is planned or emergency short-term care for people with special needs, dementia, or disabilities, lasting hours to weeks; only 14% of US caregivers receive it, funded via Medicaid waivers, Medicare hospice/GUIDE, and VA programs.
Richard Sackler
Richard Sackler, son of Purdue co-founder Raymond Sackler, was Purdue Pharma's president and board co-chairman who directed OxyContin marketing, backed concealing the drug's strength from doctors, and faced decades of opioid litigation and settlements.
Robin Zasio
Robin Zasio (Dr. Z) is an American licensed clinical psychologist and LCSW, the most frequent therapist on A&E's Hoarders since season 2, founder of Sacramento's Anxiety Treatment Center, and author of The Hoarder in You.
Roid rage
Roid rage, also called steroid rage, is aggression and irritability attributed to anabolic-androgenic steroid use; meta-analyses show a small self-reported aggression increase in trials, with causality and real-world doses still debated.
Rosenhan experiment
The Rosenhan experiment, or Thud experiment, was a 1973 Stanford study in which eight healthy pseudopatients were admitted to psychiatric hospitals and diagnosed as ill.
Rosy retrospection
Rosy retrospection, also called rosy retrospection bias, is the tendency to recall past events more fondly than they were actually evaluated while happening, first described by Mitchell and Thompson in 1994.
Routine outcome monitoring
Routine outcome monitoring, also called measurement-based care, is a mental health practice in which standardized symptom measures are administered repeatedly and fed back to guide treatment decisions.
Rumination (psychology)
Mental rumination (ICD-11 MB24.E) is repetitive, passive dwelling on negative events, failures, and distress. Distinguished from worry (future-focused) and reflection; transdiagnostic risk factor for depression and anxiety, reduced by MBCT.
Sadistic personality disorder
Sadistic personality disorder, a proposed DSM-III-R appendix diagnosis (1987) of pervasive cruelty and lack of empathy, dropped from DSM-IV as insufficiently distinct from antisocial and narcissistic personality disorders; succeeded by trait sadism research in the Dark Tetrad.