864 articles
Sandplay therapy
Sandplay therapy, also known as Jungian or Kalffian sandplay, is a nonverbal psychotherapy in which clients arrange miniature figures in a sand tray to express inner experience.
SATB2-associated syndrome
SATB2-associated syndrome (Glass syndrome, 2q33.1 microdeletion syndrome), a rare autosomal dominant neurodevelopmental disorder caused by SATB2 gene variants, marked by intellectual disability, absent or limited speech, palatal and dental anomalies, and behavioral issues.
Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms
The Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms (SAPS) is a clinician-rated interview measuring positive psychotic symptoms in schizophrenia, published by Nancy Andreasen at the University of Iowa in 1984.
Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia
The Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (SADS) is a semi-structured diagnostic interview, published in 1978, used in psychiatric research to assess mood disorders and schizophrenia.
Schema therapy
Schema therapy, developed by Jeffrey Young in the 1990s, is an integrative psychotherapy targeting early maladaptive schemas and modes through limited reparenting, imagery rescripting, and chair work, studied mainly for personality disorders.
Schizoaffective disorder
Schizoaffective disorder, coined by Kasanin in 1933, is a psychiatric diagnosis combining psychotic symptoms with major mood episodes; DSM-5 criteria, prevalence, reliability, course, and the debate over its distinctness from schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.
Schizoid personality disorder
Schizoid personality disorder (SzPD, ICD-10 F60.1) is a Cluster A personality disorder marked by pervasive social detachment and restricted emotional expression, distinguished from avoidant PD by lack of rejection fear, mapped to ICD-11 Detachment.
Schizophrenia
Schizophrenia, a serious mental disorder with psychosis, delusions, hallucinations, negative and cognitive symptoms; affects 1 in 300 people, onset in late adolescence, treated with antipsychotics and psychosocial care.
Schizophrenia research
Schizophrenia research: the scientific study of schizophrenia's causes, neurobiology, and treatment, anchored by journals such as Schizophrenia Research (Elsevier, 1988) and Schizophrenia Bulletin (1969), WHO cross-cultural studies, and current work on genetics, negative symptoms, and AI.
Schizophrenia, continuous
Schizophrenia, continuous is an ICD-11 course specifier, code 6A20.2, describing schizophrenia whose full symptoms persist through nearly the entire illness course for at least one year.
Schizophrenia, first episode
Schizophrenia, first episode (ICD-11 6A20.0) is the first occurrence of schizophrenia meeting full diagnostic criteria. Covers symptoms, the 3-5 year critical period, duration of untreated psychosis, antipsychotic response rates, and NIMH RAISE coordinated specialty care.
Schizotypal personality disorder
Schizotypal personality disorder (STPD, SPD): a DSM-5 personality disorder and ICD-11 schizophrenia-spectrum condition with eccentric behavior, cognitive-perceptual distortions, and social deficits; prevalence about 0.6-4.6%, 20-40% convert to psychosis.
Schizotypy
Schizotypy: a continuum of schizophrenia-like personality traits in the general population, also called psychosis proneness; coined by Rado (1953), modeled by Meehl, measured by SPQ and O-LIFE, with positive, negative, and disorganized dimensions.
Schuurs-Hoeijmakers syndrome
Schuurs-Hoeijmakers syndrome, or PACS1-related neurodevelopmental disorder (OMIM 615009), is an ultra-rare autosomal dominant disorder caused mainly by the de novo PACS1 c.607C>T p.Arg203Trp variant, causing intellectual disability, speech delay, distinctive facial features, and seizures.
Scopophobia
Scopophobia (scoptophobia, gaze anxiety) is the morbid fear of being seen or stared at; not a standalone DSM-5-TR diagnosis, it is classified as social anxiety disorder or situational specific phobia and treated with CBT.
Scrupulosity
Scrupulosity, also called religious OCD, is a subtype of obsessive-compulsive disorder centered on religious or moral obsessions such as fear of sin, with compulsive prayer, confession, reassurance seeking, and ERP-based treatment.
Seasonal affective disorder
Seasonal affective disorder (SAD), or winter depression, is a recurrent seasonal depression coined by Norman Rosenthal in 1984; winter-pattern symptoms include oversleeping and carbohydrate cravings, treated with 10,000-lux light therapy, CBT-SAD, and bupropion.
Seasonal effects on suicide rates
Seasonal effects on suicide rates: replicated spring-early summer peak with autumn secondary peak, Monday highest day, flipped in Southern Hemisphere, not explained by sunlight; winter peak is a myth.
Secondary mood syndrome
Secondary mood syndrome (ICD-11 6E62; organic affective disorder) is prominent mood symptoms caused directly by a medical condition, coded with depressive, manic, mixed, or unspecified subtypes alongside the causing condition.
Secondary personality change
Secondary personality change (ICD-11 6E68; ICD-10-CM F07.0, organic personality disorder) is a persistent personality change caused directly by a medical condition such as brain injury, tumor, or epilepsy, coded alongside the underlying disease.
Secondary psychotic syndrome
Secondary psychotic syndrome is a condition whose marked hallucinations or delusions arise directly from the pathophysiology of a medical illness or substance, coded 6E61 in the ICD-11.
Selective mutism
Selective mutism is a childhood anxiety disorder (DSM-5-TR, ICD-11; formerly elective mutism) in which a child speaks in some settings but consistently cannot speak where expected, such as school; onset ages 3–6, prevalence 0.2–1.6%, treated with CBT and SSRIs.
Self-defeating personality disorder
Self-defeating personality disorder (masochistic personality disorder), a proposed DSM-III-R Appendix A diagnosis of pervasive self-defeating behavior, rejected for DSM-IV and ICD-10 due to limited validity, overlap with borderline and dependent disorders, and criticism for pathologizing women.
Self-destructive behavior
Self-destructive behavior is damaging action against one's own interests, also called self-harm; includes nonsuicidal self-injury (cutting, burning), affects 3–6% of adults and 17–27% of adolescents, and is treated with DBT.
Self-harm
Self-harm, also called self-injury or nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI), is intentional self-poisoning or injury regardless of suicidal intent; it is common, often repeated, strongly linked to suicide, and treated mainly with psychosocial therapies such as CBT and DBT.
Self-hatred
Self-hatred, or self-loathing, is persistent negative feeling toward oneself: inadequacy, guilt, low self-esteem. Studied as hated-self self-criticism; linked to depression; treated with compassion-focused and self-compassion interventions.
Semantic dementia
Semantic dementia, or semantic variant primary progressive aphasia (svPPA), is a frontotemporal dementia causing loss of word and object meaning from left-predominant anterior temporal lobe atrophy, with TDP-43 type C pathology and spared fluency.
Sensory integration
Sensory integration is a framework and therapy approach describing how the brain organizes sensory input into adaptive responses, developed by A. Jean Ayres and used in occupational therapy.
Separation anxiety disorder
Separation anxiety disorder (SepAD): anxiety disorder with excessive fear of separation from attachment figures; DSM-5 (2013) removed the childhood-onset limit; lifetime prevalence 4.8%, 43.1% of onsets after age 18; treated with CBT and SSRIs.
Serial-position effect
Serial-position effect: memory depends on an item's position in a sequence, with primacy (early items) and recency (late items) advantages over middle items, producing the U-shaped free-recall curve first quantified by Murdock in 1962.