864 articles
Stimulant psychosis
Stimulant psychosis: drug-induced delusions and hallucinations from amphetamine, methamphetamine, cocaine, or prescription stimulants; affects 36.5% of methamphetamine users versus 0.2% of therapeutic users; usually transient, 19–33% transition to primary psychosis.
Stimulus control
Stimulus control is a behavioral technique in which environmental cues are arranged so a desired behavior occurs reliably, central to behavior therapy, applied behavior analysis, and insomnia treatment.
STOP-PD trial (NCT00056472)
STOP-PD (NCT00056472), Study of the Pharmacotherapy of Psychotic Depression: NIMH-funded 12-week RCT of 259 patients showing olanzapine plus sertraline achieved higher remission (41.9% vs 23.9%) than olanzapine alone for psychotic depression.
Stuttering
Stuttering (stammering) is a neurodevelopmental speech disorder of repetitions, prolongations, and blocks, affecting over 5% of preschool children, chronic in about 1% of adults, with genetic and neurogenic forms.
Submissiveness
Submissiveness (ICD-11 MB28.H): a behavioral tendency to adapt one's actions to others' real or perceived wishes against one's own interests; studied as a trait linked to social anxiety, depression, and distress intolerance.
Substance abuse
Substance abuse, now diagnosed as substance use disorder under DSM-5, is compulsive use of alcohol or drugs despite harm. Covers neurobiology, 40-60% genetic risk, US prevalence, overdose trends, NPS monitoring, and treatments.
Substance dependence
Substance dependence, also called physical dependence, is a state in which the body needs a drug to function, marked by tolerance and withdrawal; distinct from addiction (substance use disorder), treatable with tapering and FDA-approved medications.
Substance intoxication
Substance intoxication, also called getting high, is a reversible syndrome of disturbed consciousness, perception, and behavior after recent use of alcohol or another psychoactive substance.
Substance use & misuse
Substance Use & Misuse (Subst Use Misuse) is a peer-reviewed Taylor & Francis journal on drugs, alcohol, nicotine, and eating disorders; founded 1996, continuing the International Journal of the Addictions (1966–1995), ISSN 1082-6084, indexed in MEDLINE.
Substance use disorder
Substance use disorder (SUD), also called drug addiction, is a DSM-5-TR diagnosis of impaired control over alcohol or drug use, mild to severe by criteria count; 44.6 million US cases in 2025, 11% treated.
Suicidal ideation
Suicidal ideation, also called suicidal thoughts, is thinking about or planning suicide, from passive desire to be dead to active intent. About 15.6% of US adults experience it in their lifetime; risk scales predict suicide poorly, and CBT-based treatments reduce it.
Suicide
Suicide: death caused by self-injury with intent to die; over 720,000 deaths yearly, third leading cause among ages 15–29, 73% in low- and middle-income countries; preventable through means restriction, support, and WHO LIVE LIFE interventions.
Suicide among autistic individuals
Suicide among autistic individuals: elevated suicidal ideation (about 34%), attempts (24%), and roughly threefold higher suicide death risk versus non-autistic people, per meta-analyses and registry studies.
Suicide by cop
Suicide by cop, also known as police-assisted suicide or officer-assisted suicide, is when a suicidal person deliberately threatens police with a weapon so officers shoot in self-defense.
Suicide by firearm
Suicide by firearm: a suicide committed with a gun; the leading method of US suicide (27,300 deaths, over half in 2023) and the most lethal method (about 89.6% case fatality), addressed through lethal means counseling, secure storage, and ERPOs.
Suicide by jumping from height
Suicide by jumping from height: a lethal but uncommon suicide method from bridges, buildings, cliffs, and terraces. Barriers and nets at hotspots cut site suicides by roughly 90%; displacement evidence is mixed.
Suicide by poisoning
Suicide by poisoning: intentional ingestion or introduction of toxic substances such as pesticides, medications, or household chemicals as a suicide method; a leading method worldwide, especially pesticide self-poisoning in low- and middle-income countries, with case fatality varying by agent and strong evidence that means restriction saves lives.
Suicide in Lesotho
Suicide in Lesotho: exceptionally high estimated rates (87.5 per 100,000 age-standardised, 2019), the world's highest female rate, rising 2000–2019 trends, modelled WHO data of uncertain quality, and a mental health system only now gaining a national policy.
Suicide in Lithuania
Suicide in Lithuania: the EU's highest suicide death rate, 18.8 per 100,000 in 2023, about halved since 2000 but stalled since 2022; governed by the National Suicide Prevention Action Plan 2023–2026 targeting 16.6 per 100,000 by 2026.
Suicide in the United Kingdom
Suicide in the United Kingdom: 7,147 deaths registered in 2024; England and Wales rate 11.4 per 100,000, male rate 17.6 versus female 5.7; coroner-certified with long registration delays; devolved prevention strategies in all four nations.
Sundowning
Sundowning (sundown syndrome, late-day confusion): emergence or worsening of confusion, agitation, aggression, and wandering in dementia patients in late afternoon and evening; prevalence 1.6-66%, circadian mechanisms, non-drug management first.
SUPEERmood trial
SUPEERmood (SUPEERMood), NCT06398561, is a Mallorca-based randomized trial testing a 6-week nurse-supervised peer-led support program against the COGITO CBT mHealth app for reducing BDI-II depressive symptoms in major depression.
SUPPORT trial (NCT06264050)
SUPPORT (NCT06264050) is a single-group pre-post observational study at IRCCS San Camillo, Venice, testing whether a Psychological Support Group changes anxiety (STAI Y2), depression (BDI-II), coping (COPE-NVI 25), and outcomes (CORE-OM) in 19 neurorehabilitation inpatients.
Supported Employment
Supported employment (Individual Placement and Support, IPS) is an evidence-based vocational rehabilitation model that places people with severe mental illness or other disabilities in competitive jobs first, with concurrent treatment and time-unlimited on-the-job support, outperforming train-then-place programs in employment outcomes.
Supportive psychotherapy
Supportive psychotherapy is a psychotherapy that strengthens coping, self-esteem, and adaptive skills rather than changing personality, and is the most widely practiced therapy among psychiatrists.
Suspiciousness
Suspiciousness (ICD-11 MB26.9) is the tendency to view individuals or agencies as having harmful intents, a thought-content symptom ranging from ordinary trait to paranoia-spectrum clinical feature, distinct from hypervigilance and persecutory delusion.
Synthetic cannabinoid dependence
Synthetic cannabinoid dependence is an ICD-11 disorder of impaired control over synthetic cannabinoids like K2 and Spice, developing faster and withdrawing more severely than cannabis dependence.
Synthetic cannabinoid intoxication
Synthetic cannabinoid intoxication (ICD-11 6C42.3), also called K2 or Spice intoxication, is THC-like poisoning from full CB1 agonist designer drugs, causing tachycardia, seizures, psychosis, kidney injury, and deaths, with no specific antidote.
Synthetic cannabinoid withdrawal
Synthetic cannabinoid withdrawal (ICD-11 6C42.4), also called Spice or K2 withdrawal, is the symptom cluster after stopping synthetic cannabinoids; more severe than cannabis withdrawal, with psychosis, seizures, agitation, managed with diazepam and quetiapine.
Systematic desensitization
Systematic desensitization, or graduated exposure therapy, is a behavioral therapy for phobias in which a relaxed client is gradually exposed to feared situations, from least to most disturbing.