1,953 articles
Electronic health record
Electronic health record (EHR), also called electronic medical record: a digital collection of a patient's medical information. Developed from 1960s systems like COSTAR and VistA; key issues are interoperability standards (HL7, FHIR) and clinician documentation burden.
Electronic health record review
Electronic health record review is a data collection method in epidemiology and clinical research that extracts patient information from EHRs to study exposures, outcomes, and care patterns.
Electronic prescribing
Electronic prescribing (e-prescribing) is the electronic transmission of a structured medication order from prescriber to pharmacy, replacing paper prescriptions; in the US it became the dominant channel by 2013.
Elena Ottolenghi Nightingale
Elena Ottolenghi Nightingale is an Italian-born American physician and microbial geneticist at George Washington University, known for work on health and human rights and adolescent health policy.
Eli Lilly and Company
Eli Lilly and Company is an American pharmaceutical company headquartered in Indianapolis, Indiana, founded by Colonel Eli Lilly in 1876. It brought the first commercial insulin to market in 1923.
Eligibility Determination
Eligibility determination: applying defined criteria to decide whether a person qualifies for health care programs or benefits, also called eligibility certification. Covers Medicaid MAGI and non-financial rules, SSA disability determinations, Medicare NCDs, and X12 270/271 transactions.
Elizabeth Glaser
Elizabeth Glaser (1947-1994), American AIDS activist, contracted HIV from a 1981 blood transfusion, passed it to children Ariel and Jake, and co-founded the Pediatric AIDS Foundation, renamed EGPAF after her death; known for her 1992 DNC speech.
Eloise (psychiatric hospital)
Eloise, also Wayne County Poorhouse, Eloise Hospital, and Wayne County Psychiatric Hospital, was a Westland, Michigan county complex operating 1832-1979 as poorhouse, asylum, TB sanatorium, and general hospital, peaking at 10,000 patients.
Elsa Brändström
Elsa Brändström was a Swedish nurse who organized Red Cross relief for prisoners of war in Siberia during World War I, earning the nickname Angel of Siberia.
EMBRACE trial (NCT07628686)
EMBRACE (NCT07628686), "From Vulnerable to Empowered", is a randomized, investigator-blinded Portuguese prevention trial of a multicomponent program against age-related decline, running June 2026 to May 2029, distinct from other EMBRACE-named trials.
Emergency department
Emergency department (ED, ER, A&E): hospital unit for unscheduled acute care, open 24/7. Key facts: acuity triage (ESI, IITT), crowding driven by inpatient boarding, urgent care centers divert some ED visits.
Emergency medical dispatch
Emergency medical dispatch (EMD) is the process in emergency medical services in which call takers triage emergency calls and give callers pre-arrival instructions before responders arrive.
Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act
EMTALA, the Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act, is a 1986 US federal law (COBRA, Social Security Act Section 1867) requiring Medicare-participating hospital emergency departments to screen, stabilize, and appropriately transfer all patients regardless of ability to pay, enforced by CMS and the HHS OIG.
Emergency Room Visits
Emergency room visits are patient visits to hospital emergency rooms for diagnosis and treatment, a term formalized in MeSH in 2024; US departments handle roughly 155 million visits a year.
EMG-COVID study
EMG-COVID (NCT05572853) is a completed Brazilian cross-sectional study of surface electromyography of respiratory muscles in 74 ICU COVID-19 patients on low-flow oxygen, stratified by SpO2/FiO2 ratio.
Employees' State Insurance
Employees' State Insurance (कर्मचारी राज्य बीमा, Karmachari Rajya Bima Yojana) is India's 1948 social insurance scheme for organized-sector workers, run by ESIC, providing medical, sickness, maternity, disablement and dependant benefits funded by employer and employee contributions.
End-of-life care
End-of-life care is support and medical care for people approaching death, spanning home, care home, hospital, and hospice settings. Also called terminal care within palliative care; key facts include WHO's 14% global palliative access estimate and US hospice serving 1.4 million Medicare patients in 2015.
Endemic (epidemiology)
Endemic (epidemiology): a disease constantly present at a predictable baseline level in a geographic area or population, contrasted with epidemic and pandemic; coined by Hippocrates, distinct from the ecological meaning of endemic, with hyperendemic and sporadic as related levels.
Endocrine disruptor
Endocrine disruptors (EDCs) are exogenous chemicals, such as BPA, phthalates, PFAS, and pesticides, that interfere with hormone action and cause adverse health effects; regulated in the EU under CLP hazard classes since 2023.
ENERGY2MOB trial
ENERGY2MOB (NCT06988904) is a randomised controlled trial in Berguedà, Catalonia, testing an 8-week group nutrition, physical activity, and emotional well-being programme for 5-10% weight loss in adults with BMI 27-40.
English Title study
English Title study is trial NCT07273292, "Autonomic Dysfunction in NMOSD and MS: A Comparative Study," an observational bedside cardiovascular reflex-test study of 100 adults comparing autonomic dysfunction patterns between NMOSD and MS.
Enhanced community quarantine in Luzon
Enhanced community quarantine in Luzon: Duterte's COVID-19 lockdown of Luzon island declared March 16, 2020 (Proclamation 929), effective March 17, extended to April 30 and then May 15 in high-risk areas, with strict home quarantine, suspended transport, and essential-only economy.
ENISH trial
ENISH (NCT03857802) was a parallel open-label randomized trial of nurse-delivered sleep hygiene education, nine recommendations, in prediabetes and type 2 diabetes, improving PSQI sleep quality and lowering HbA1c.
Enoch Gordis
Enoch Gordis (1931–2023) was an American physician who directed the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism from 1986, after founding a large alcohol treatment program in Queens, New York.
ENPIC study
ENPIC (Evaluation of Nutritional Practices in the Critical Care patient) is a 2018 Spanish multicenter observational study of 639 ICU patients on artificial nutrition, finding 25.6% mortality linked to severity scores, NUTRIC risk, and protein intake.
Enriqueta C. Bond
Enriqueta C. Bond is an American health scientist and philanthropy leader who served as the first full-time president of the Burroughs Wellcome Fund, a private medical science foundation, from 1994 to 2008.
Environmental Exposure
Environmental exposure: contact with harmful chemical, physical, or biological agents in the environment (MeSH D004781), via inhalation, ingestion, or dermal routes; studied through exposure assessment, pathways, and the exposome in environmental epidemiology.
Environmental health
Environmental health is the branch of public health concerned with physical, chemical, and biological factors outside the body that affect health, such as air pollution and unsafe water.
Environmental health perspectives
Environmental Health Perspectives (EHP) is a monthly open-access journal of environmental health research founded by NIEHS in 1972, transferred to the American Chemical Society after a 2025 suspension.
Environmental Medicine
Environmental medicine is the medical specialty concerned with environmental factors in human disease, covering exposures to chemical and physical hazards through contaminated soil, water, and air.