1,953 articles
Environmental Monitoring
Environmental monitoring: systematic ongoing collection and analysis of environmental data (air, water, radiation, chemical exposure) for public health action, from historical surveillance roots to CDC tracking, WHO air guidelines, and low-cost sensor networks.
EPaNIC trial
EPaNIC (Early Parenteral Nutrition Completing Enteral Nutrition in Adult Critically Ill Patients), NCT00512122, was a 4640-patient randomized trial showing that withholding parenteral nutrition until ICU day 8 reduced infections, ventilation, and costs versus early PN without a mortality penalty.
EPF study (NCT03235310)
EPF study, NCT03235310, is the registration of the French Perinatal Cohort (ANRS CO1/CO11), a prospective observational cohort since 1986 of HIV-infected pregnant women in 90 French centers, tracking mother-to-child HIV transmission, PMTCT safety, and birth defects including the zidovudine heart-defect association.
EPF study (NCT03306251)
EPF study, NCT03306251, ANRS CO11: French national observational cohort of children born to HIV-positive mothers, run with ANRS CO1 since 2005 to monitor mother-to-child HIV transmission and perinatal antiretroviral toxicity.
Epi Info
Epi Info is a free public domain software suite developed by the CDC for public health practitioners, widely used for outbreak investigations and surveillance since its 1985 release.
Epidemic
Epidemic: occurrence of disease cases clearly in excess of normal expectancy in a community or region; from Greek epi (upon) and demos (people). Distinct from outbreak (localized) and pandemic (several countries or continents).
Epidemic model
An epidemic model is a mathematical or computational representation of how an infectious disease spreads through a population, used to predict transmission dynamics and evaluate control interventions such as vaccination.
Epidemiology
Epidemiology, often called the basic science of public health, studies how diseases and their causes are distributed across populations; John Snow's 1854 cholera investigation is its founding model.
Episode of Care
Episode of care: an interval of care by a provider or facility for a specific medical problem (MeSH D017050, 1992), also the defined service unit for bundled payment models such as BPCI, CJR, and TEAM.
EpVAr2019 study
EpVAr2019 (NCT04107467), a prospective multicenter observational study of mechanical ventilation epidemiology in Argentine ICUs, Sept-Dec 2019; 950 patients, 142 units; ICU mortality 44.6%, hospital 47.9%.
Equivalence trial
An equivalence trial is a clinical trial designed to show a new treatment works about as well as an existing one within a predefined acceptable margin.
Eradication of dracunculiasis
The eradication of dracunculiasis (guinea-worm disease) is a global health campaign led by The Carter Center, which cut cases from 3.5 million in 1986 to 10 in 2025.
Eradication of infectious diseases
Eradication of infectious diseases: permanent worldwide zero of a pathogen by deliberate effort. Smallpox only human success (1980); Guinea worm and polio campaigns ongoing; malaria, measles assessed.
Erasmus MC
Erasmus MC (Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam) is the university medical center of Erasmus University Rotterdam, formed in 2002-2003 from Dijkzigt Hospital, Sophia Children's Hospital, the Daniel den Hoed Clinic, and the medical faculty; the Netherlands' largest medical research center.
Erik Brodt
Erik Brodt is an Ojibwe family physician and health-equity researcher at OHSU who founded the Northwest Native American Center of Excellence and joined the National Academy of Medicine in 2021.
ERTAAD study
ERTAAD (European Registry of Type A Aortic Dissection), NCT04831073, is a retrospective multicenter European registry of 3,902 patients operated for acute type A aortic dissection from 2005 to 2021, reporting about 18% in-hospital mortality, urgency-grade risk stratification, and 15-year durability of repair strategies.
ESCALATES study
ESCALATES (Evaluating System Change to Advance Learning and Take Evidence to Scale) is the national evaluation of AHRQ's EvidenceNOW Initiative, studying over 1,500 small US primary care practices across seven regional Cooperatives to improve ABCS cardiovascular preventive care.
ESECC trial
ESECC trial (Endoscopic Screening for Esophageal Cancer in China, NCT01688908): cluster randomized trial in 668 villages of Hua County, Henan, testing Lugol chromoendoscopy screening in ~34,000 adults aged 45-69; 9-year follow-up showed modest, statistically uncertain reductions in esophageal cancer incidence and mortality.
ESRT-Faculty trial
ESRT-Faculty (NCT03516877) is a UCSF behavioral intervention trial testing Enhanced Stress Resilience Training, a streamlined MBSR-derived mindfulness curriculum, in surgery and anesthesia faculty physicians, measuring burnout, stress, and cognition.
Ethics Committees
Ethics committees, or hospital/clinical ethics committees (HECs, CECs), are multidisciplinary hospital bodies providing ethics consultation, education, and policy support; distinct from research ethics committees, they grew from 1% of US hospitals in the early 1980s to over 90% by the late 1990s.
Eunice Rivers Laurie
Eunice Rivers Laurie (Eunice Verdell Rivers, 1899–1986) was the African American public health nurse who served as liaison for the Tuskegee Syphilis Study for its entire 1932–1972 span, recruiting and retaining participants and later becoming the focus of historical debate.
European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging
European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging (EACVI), formerly the European Association of Echocardiography, an ESC branch founded 2003 in Vienna; unites echocardiography, CMR, nuclear cardiology, and cardiac CT; runs certification, accreditation, congress, and guidelines.
European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control
European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), EU agency in Stockholm operational since May 2005 after the SARS outbreak; runs TESSy and EWRS surveillance, rapid risk assessments, and since the 2022 mandate EU reference laboratories and the EU Health Task Force.
European Health Insurance Card
The European Health Insurance Card (EHIC), issued free by national health insurers, lets holders obtain medically necessary state healthcare in the EU, Norway, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom.
European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction
European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA), EU decentralised agency in Lisbon, 1993–2024, providing comparable drug data; replaced 2 July 2024 by the European Union Drugs Agency (EUDA) under Regulation (EU) 2023/1322.
European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition
The European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) is a prospective cohort study of over half a million Europeans examining diet and cancer risk.
European Respiratory Society
European Respiratory Society (ERS), international nonprofit respiratory medicine society founded 1990 in London; 35,000+ members in 160+ countries; runs the ERS International Congress, ERS guidelines program, and the European Respiratory Journal.
European Society for Medical Oncology
European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO), founded 1975 by Georges Mathé and Maurice Schneider, Swiss-registered non-profit in Lugano; runs ESMO Congress, clinical guidelines, and the ESMO-MCBS clinical benefit scale.
European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
The European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE), founded in Brussels in 1964, is a professional society of 49 member societies promoting quality in gastrointestinal endoscopy through guidelines and education.
European Society of Surgical Oncology
The European Society of Surgical Oncology (ESSO) is a professional society founded in 1981 and based in Brussels, representing over 20,000 cancer surgeons across Europe and worldwide.