1,953 articles
Pennsylvania Department of Health
The Pennsylvania Department of Health is Pennsylvania's state public health agency, headquartered in Harrisburg. Created in 1905, it issues vital records, and is led by Secretary Dr. Debra Bogen.
Pennsylvania Hospital
Pennsylvania Hospital, at 800 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, is the nation's first chartered hospital, founded 1751 by Benjamin Franklin and Thomas Bond; its National Historic Landmark Pine Building holds America's first surgical amphitheater and medical library.
PENSAR trial
PENSAR (NCT07273006) is a four-arm randomized multicenter trial led by Juan Antonio Valera-Calero, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, testing percutaneous electrical nerve stimulation against lidocaine medial branch blocks for diagnosing facet joint syndrome in non-specific chronic low back pain.
PENUT trial
PENUT (Preterm Erythropoietin Neuroprotection Trial, NCT01378273) was a US phase 3 trial of high-dose erythropoietin in 941 infants born at 24-27 weeks' gestation; it found no reduction in death or severe neurodevelopmental impairment at 2 years.
PEOPLE trial
PEOPLE (NCT03447678), a monocentric phase II trial of first-line pembrolizumab monotherapy in EGFR/ALK wild-type advanced NSCLC with PD-L1 0-49%; 65 patients, median PFS 2.9 months, OS 12.1 months, with circulating T/NK and myeloid cell counts as biomarkers.
PEPPER trial
PEPPER trial: randomized controlled crossover study (NCT03849755) of the PEPPER adaptive bolus advisor, a case-based reasoning decision support system for type 1 diabetes, which was safe but showed no significant glycemic benefit versus a standard bolus calculator.
Per-protocol analysis
Per-protocol analysis is a clinical trial analysis including only participants who adhered to their assigned treatment; it is common in explanatory trials but can introduce selection bias.
Perinatal Care
Perinatal care: organized health care for women and newborns across pregnancy, birth, and the first 42 days postpartum. Covers midwife-led continuity models, WHO guidance, and 2023 global mortality data.
Personal protective equipment
Personal protective equipment (PPE): worn or held gear, from N95/FFP2 respirators to gloves and eye protection, regulated by OSHA/NIOSH in the US and EU Regulation 2016/425; last tier of the hierarchy of controls.
PETAL trial (NCT07233512)
PETAL (NCT07233512), Periodontal Treatment in Alzheimer's Disease, is a randomized delayed-start trial at CHU de Liège testing whether periodontal therapy improves PACC cognition, biomarkers, and MRI outcomes in 70 planned patients with mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease and stage 3-4 periodontitis over 24 months.
PFM trial
PFM trial (NCT07800195), Probiotic Milk Drink for Gut and Brain Health, a University of South Florida randomized placebo-controlled pilot trial testing a four-strain probiotic fermented milk drink in Alzheimer's disease related dementia patients and caregivers over 30 days.
Pharmac
Pharmac (Te Pātaka Whaioranga), New Zealand's Pharmaceutical Management Agency, created 1993, decides which medicines are publicly funded within a fixed budget via the Pharmaceutical Schedule, tenders, and PTAC advice.
Pharmaceutical Services
Pharmaceutical services are the services rendered by pharmacists and pharmacy technicians to support the health care system, from manufacturing and dispensing medicines to patient counseling and medication therapy management.
Pharmacies
Pharmacies (community pharmacies, drugstores, chemists) are licensed establishments where pharmacists dispense medicines and provide counseling, vaccination, and medication services; regulated since Frederick II's 13th-century edict, professionalized from 1841, now facing US closures of over 29% from 2010 to 2021.
Pharmacy benefit management
Pharmacy benefit management (PBM): companies like CVS Caremark, Express Scripts, and Optum Rx that administer drug benefits, design formularies, negotiate manufacturer rebates, and process claims; the Big 3 handle about 79-80% of US prescription drug claims.
Pharmacy technician
Pharmacy technician: a supervised support worker who prepares and dispenses medications in retail and hospital pharmacies. About 471,200 U.S. jobs in 2025, median pay $45,750, 6% projected growth 2025–35.
Phase I/II trial
A Phase I/II trial is a clinical trial design that combines dose escalation and safety evaluation with early evidence of treatment efficacy, aiming to find the optimal biological dose.
Phase II/III trial
A Phase II/III trial, often called a seamless or adaptive seamless design, combines Phase II and Phase III objectives in one protocol, selecting doses at an interim analysis while controlling type I error.
Phase IV trial
A Phase IV trial, also called Phase 4, is a study of a drug after marketing approval, measuring safety, effectiveness, and optimal use in broader patient populations.
Philippine Health Insurance Corporation
Philippine Health Insurance Corporation (PhilHealth), state social health insurer created by RA 7875 in 1995 to administer the National Health Insurance Program; premiums 5% under the 2019 UHC Act, case-rate benefits, and 2025 Supreme Court fund-return ruling distinguish it.
Physical conditions
Physical conditions: the physical environment component of the determinants of health, covering safe water, clean air, housing, workplaces, and roads, with historical roots in the 1840s public health movement and occupational medicine.
Physicians' Offices
Physicians' Offices (MeSH D010824): rooms where a physician and staff provide patient care, including the full office suite. Covers US office-based practice scale, ADA exam-room accessibility, EHR adoption, ownership consolidation, and office versus hospital outpatient payment.
PHYTCOVID-19 trial
PHYTCOVID-19 (NCT04501965), a phase 2 three-arm open-label randomized trial in Conakry, Guinea, by the Institute for Research and Development of Medicinal and Food Plants of Guinea, comparing Cinchona-Stevia (CILE) and a four-plant powder (ACAR) against hydroxychloroquine, each with azithromycin, in 231 asymptomatic PCR-confirmed COVID-19 adults; no results posted.
PHYTOME trial
PHYTOME trial (NCT04138654), a Maastricht University dietary intervention in the EU PHYTOME project: plant-extract-enriched, reduced-nitrite processed meats lowered fecal N-nitroso compound excretion in 63 volunteers.
PICU study
PICU study (NCT05656950), Assessment of Oral Health Status of Patients in Pediatric Intensive Care Units: a completed Turkish observational study; 88 children, mean OAG score 8.45, published in Dimensions of Critical Care Nursing 2024.
PIEBvsPCEA trial
PIEBvsPCEA (NCT03133091) was a randomized double-blind phase 3 trial at Hospital del Rio Hortega, Valladolid, comparing levobupivacaine CEI+PIEB+PCEA versus CEI+PCEA in 200 primiparous labours; PIEB used more drug but needed fewer top-ups and gave higher satisfaction.
PIHRK'D trial
PIHRK'D (NCT06080425) is a completed ADA-funded feasibility trial by UTMB Galveston testing family-based medical nutrition therapy and Dining with Diabetes for 48 rural Kentuckians with type 2 diabetes and overweight or obesity.
PII A trial
The PII A trial, known as PARTNER 2A, was a randomized trial comparing transcatheter (TAVR) with surgical aortic valve replacement in 2,032 intermediate-risk patients with severe aortic stenosis.
Pit latrine
Pit latrine, also called pit toilet or ventilated improved pit (VIP) latrine: an on-site sanitation facility of a slab over a pit storing excreta; used by about 1.77 billion people, with 15 m well-separation and twin-pit humus cycles as key practices.
Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital
Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital (Hôpital Universitaire Pitié Salpêtrière), largest hospital group in France, an AP-HP public teaching hospital in Paris's 13th arrondissement with 90 buildings on 33 hectares, 77 services, 26 rare-disease reference centers, and the ICAN and A-ICM institutes.