25,729 articles
Acipimox
Acipimox (Olbetam), a synthetic nicotinic acid derivative, inhibits adipose lipolysis to lower free fatty acids and triglycerides; EU use is restricted to adjunctive or alternative treatment of hypertriglyceridaemia.
Acitretin/etretinate embryopathy
Acitretin/etretinate embryopathy (retinoid embryopathy, fetal acitretin/etretinate syndrome) is a rare first-trimester drug-induced teratogenic disorder with about 20% malformation risk, CNS, craniofacial, ear, cardiac, thymic, and limb anomalies, requiring 3-year post-treatment contraception.
ACL BFR trial
ACL BFR trial (NCT05735236), a University of Colorado, Denver randomized trial of blood flow restriction cuff therapy added to standard rehabilitation after primary ACL reconstruction, targeting 78 participants with knee extensor strength as the primary outcome.
Aclarubicin
Aclarubicin (aclacinomycin A), an anthracycline antineoplastic antibiotic from Streptomyces galilaeus isolated in 1975, inhibits topoisomerases I and II; used in AML induction, with lower cardiotoxicity than doxorubicin.
Aclerastide
Aclerastide (DSC127) is a synthetic peptide analog of angiotensin (1-7) developed by Derma Sciences as a topical gel for diabetic foot ulcers; its Phase III trials were terminated in 2015.
Aclidinium
Aclidinium bromide (Tudorza Pressair, Eklira Genuair; with formoterol, Duaklir Pressair) is an inhaled long-acting muscarinic antagonist for twice-daily maintenance bronchodilator treatment of COPD, delivered via the Genuair/Pressair dry powder inhaler.
ACLPNEC study
ACLPNEC (NCT07207915) is a retrospective cohort study at the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, analyzing 400 neonates with necrotizing enterocolitis (2023–2025) to test lactate, blood counts, and nSOFA scores for predicting perforated NEC and mortality.
Acne
Acne (acne vulgaris) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the pilosebaceous unit causing comedones, papules, pustules, and nodules, driven by sebum, hyperkeratinization, Cutibacterium acnes, and inflammation; treated with retinoids, benzoyl peroxide, antibiotics, and isotretinoin.
Acne conglobata
Acne conglobata (conglobate acne) is a rare, severe chronic form of acne with grouped comedones, abscesses, and draining sinus tracts, mostly in adult males on the trunk, treated with isotretinoin, sometimes with corticosteroids.
Acne fulminans
Acne fulminans, also called acne conglobata variants and isotretinoin-induced acne fulminans, is a rare severe ulcerative hemorrhagic acne of adolescent boys with fever, joint pain, and lytic bone lesions, treated with corticosteroids then low-dose isotretinoin.
Acne mechanica
Acne mechanica, also called mechanical or sports-induced acne and including maskne, is acne triggered by pressure, friction, occlusion, heat, and sweat rather than hormones; term coined by Mills and Kligman in 1975, with geometric lesion distribution matching equipment contact zones.
Acneiform eruption
An acneiform eruption is an acne-like rash caused by an external agent such as a drug, cosmetic, or halogenated chemical, with sudden onset and few comedones.
Acolbifene
Acolbifene (EM-652, SCH 57068) is a fourth-generation selective estrogen receptor modulator, given orally as the prodrug EM-800; antagonist in breast and uterus, agonist in bone and lipid metabolism, now in phase II breast cancer prevention trials.
Acoramidis
Acoramidis, sold as Attruby and Beyonttra, is an oral transthyretin stabilizer developed by BridgeBio Pharma and approved in November 2024 for cardiomyopathy from transthyretin-mediated amyloidosis.
Acotiamide
Acotiamide (Acofide, Z-338), Zeria's acetylcholinesterase inhibitor prokinetic approved in Japan in 2013 for functional dyspepsia; 100 mg three times daily before meals for postprandial fullness, bloating, early satiation.
Acoustic angiography
Acoustic angiography is a contrast-enhanced ultrasound method that images microvasculature at near-super-resolution, resolving vessels of 150–200 μm by receiving superharmonic echoes from microbubble contrast agents.
Acoustic neuritis
Acoustic neuritis (auditory nerve neuritis, ICD-11 AB72.0) is inflammation of the eighth cranial nerve; vestibular-branch disease causes vertigo without hearing loss, cochlear-branch disease tinnitus and deafness.
Acoustic radiation force impulse imaging
Acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) imaging is an ultrasound elastography method that pushes tissue with focused pulses to measure stiffness, used mainly to stage liver fibrosis.
Acoustic reflex
Acoustic reflex: involuntary stapedius (and tensor tympani) contraction to loud sound, measured as thresholds of 85-100 dB SPL at 500-2000 Hz; used to diagnose middle-ear, cochlear, and retrocochlear disorders.
Acoustic rhinometry
Acoustic rhinometry is a rapid, non-invasive otolaryngology test that measures nasal cavity cross-sectional area and volume from reflected sound pulses, used to assess nasal obstruction, including in children.
Acoustic Stimulation
Acoustic stimulation (auditory stimulation), MeSH D000161, is the use of sound to elicit a nervous system response; applications span EAS hearing prosthetics, sleep and pain interventions, tinnitus sound therapy, and ultrasound neuromodulation.
Acquired central hypothyroidism
Acquired (sporadic) central hypothyroidism, ICD-11 5A61.40: postnatal hypothyroidism from insufficient TSH stimulation of a normal thyroid due to pituitary or hypothalamic disease, tumors, trauma, or drugs; diagnosed by low free T4 with normal/low TSH.
Acquired complete atrioventricular block
Acquired complete atrioventricular block (third-degree AV block, complete heart block): total loss of atrial-to-ventricular conduction with a slow escape rhythm, usually idiopathic conduction system fibrosis or ischemia; treated with permanent pacemaker unless reversible.
Acquired conductive hearing loss
Acquired conductive hearing loss (ICD-11 AB51.0) is hearing loss developing after birth from mechanical outer- or middle-ear problems such as cerumen, otitis media, perforation, or otosclerosis, showing an air-bone gap and often correctable.
Acquired cutis laxa
Acquired cutis laxa (cutis laxa acquisita, ORPHA:228285) is a rare nonhereditary elastolytic disorder causing progressive saggy, wrinkled skin after inflammatory triggers; about 110 cases reported, linked to inflammation, myeloma, drugs, and infections, with no effective medical treatment.
Acquired cystic disease-associated renal cell carcinoma
Acquired cystic disease-associated renal cell carcinoma (ACD-RCC), a WHO-recognized RCC subtype occurring only in end-stage kidneys with acquired cystic kidney disease after long-term dialysis, predominantly in men, with cribriform eosinophilic morphology, oxalate crystals, and gains of chromosomes 3, 7, 16, 17, and Y.
Acquired deformity of neck
Acquired deformity of neck (ICD-11 FC00.1; ICD-10 M95.3): a non-congenital neck deformity from disease, injury, or surgery, overlapping adult cervical deformity, caused by degeneration, inflammation, or secondary spinal malalignment.
Acquired deformity of nose
Acquired deformity of nose (ICD-11 FC00.0; ICD-10-CM M95.0) is post-birth nasal structural deformity from trauma, surgery, infection, or inflammation, including saddle and crooked nose, corrected by septorhinoplasty or reconstruction.
Acquired deformity of pelvis
Acquired deformity of pelvis (ICD-10 M95.5; ICD-11 FC00.3) is a post-birth bony pelvic deformity from trauma, disease, or surgery, chiefly post-traumatic pelvic malunion and pelvic obliquity, treated by corrective surgery when symptomatic.
Acquired elastotic hemangioma
Acquired elastotic hemangioma (AEH), also acquired elastotic haemangioma, is a rare benign vascular tumor first described by Requena et al. in 2002, appearing as a non-blanching red plaque on sun-damaged forearms of adults over 50.