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Computed tomography angiography
Computed tomography angiography (CTA, CT angiogram): imaging of blood vessels using iodinated contrast injection and CT scanning; introduced with helical CT in 1991; coronary CTA sensitivity 0.94, specificity 0.73; doses now submillisievert.
Computed tomography myocardial perfusion imaging
Computed tomography myocardial perfusion imaging (CTP, also called CT-MPI) is a cardiac CT technique that measures myocardial blood flow during vasodilator stress to show whether coronary stenoses limit perfusion.
Computed tomography screening
Computed tomography screening uses low-dose CT scans to detect lung cancer early in people at high risk, chiefly heavy smokers, and is the only screening test proven to reduce lung-cancer deaths.
Computed tomography–magnetic resonance imaging fusion
Computed tomography–magnetic resonance imaging (CT–MRI) fusion aligns CT and MRI scans of the same patient into a single image, combining bone detail with soft-tissue contrast.
Computer Assisted Radiographic Image Interpretation
Computer-assisted radiographic image interpretation (CAD/CADe/CADx) uses algorithms as a radiologist's second reader. Began 1960s, systematized 1980s at University of Chicago; first FDA approval 1998 (R2 ImageChecker); deep-learning AI now dominant.
Computer vision syndrome
Computer vision syndrome, or digital eye strain, is a group of eye, vision, and musculoskeletal symptoms from prolonged screen use, affecting about 69% of users, driven by reduced blinking and accommodative fatigue, and managed mainly with ergonomics and breaks.
Computer-aided detection
Computer-aided detection (CADe) is pattern-recognition software that marks suspicious lesions on radiological images for a radiologist to review, serving as a second opinion rather than an autonomous diagnosis.
Computer-aided diagnosis
Computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) is software that analyzes medical images or patient data to detect and characterize disease, with the final decision made by the radiologist or physician.
Computer-aided polyp detection
Computer-aided polyp detection (CADe) is medical imaging software that flags likely polyps in real time during colonoscopy, drawing on-screen cues to lesions endoscopists would otherwise miss.
Computer-Assisted Diagnosis
Computer-assisted diagnosis (CAD, CADe/CADx) is computer support for clinician diagnosis, from 1970s expert systems like MYCIN and INTERNIST-I to FDA-authorized AI imaging devices, with the physician making the final decision.
Computer-Assisted Drug Therapy
Computer-assisted drug therapy (MeSH D004360) is the use of adjunctive computer programs to support drug treatment, including pharmacokinetic dosing advice and CPOE-integrated clinical decision support, shown to improve dosing for some narrow-therapeutic-window drugs.
Computer-Assisted Image Interpretation
Computer-Assisted Image Interpretation (MeSH D007090): methods and CAD systems aiding interpretation of radiographic, ultrasound, and other medical images, split into CADe detection and CADx diagnosis, with the radiologist making the final decision.
Computer-assisted implant surgery
Computer-assisted implant surgery (CAIS) is a dental surgical method using digital imaging and planning, via guides or navigation, to place implants accurately near nerves and sinuses.
Computer-Assisted Radiotherapy
Computer-assisted radiotherapy (MeSH D011881) is the use of computer systems for accurate radiation dose computation and treatment planning, spanning early systems like KULA and the RAD 8, CT-based 3D planning, IMRT, and AI-driven automated planning.
Computer-Assisted Radiotherapy Planning
Computer-assisted radiotherapy planning (MeSH D011880) is software-based calculation of beam angles, intensities, and irradiation duration in radiotherapy via treatment planning systems, verified by end-to-end audits, independent MU checks, and increasingly AI automation.
Computer-Assisted Therapy
Computer-assisted therapy (MeSH D013813, Therapy, Computer-Assisted) is the use of computer systems as adjuncts in disease treatment, spanning clinician-facing clinical decision support for drug therapy and radiotherapy planning and direct-to-patient programs such as computer-assisted cognitive behavior therapy and cognitive retraining.
Computer-assisted vacuum thrombectomy
Computer-assisted vacuum thrombectomy is an endovascular technique that removes blood clots through a large-bore catheter connected to a computer-controlled vacuum, used in pulmonary embolism, deep vein thrombosis, and stroke.
COMTHECARE trial
The COMTHECARE trial, standing for Complementary Therapy in Home Palliative Care Patients and Their Caregivers, is a randomized, double-blind Spanish trial testing music for palliative care.
CONAN trial
The CONAN trial was a phase 4 randomized trial at the Clínica Universidad de Navarra in Pamplona, Spain, testing antibiotic lock solutions in implanted venous port catheters.
Conbercept
Conbercept (康柏西普, KH902, Lumitin) is a Chinese anti-VEGF fusion protein eye injection by Chengdu Kanghong, NMPA-approved for wet AMD, diabetic macular edema, and pathologic myopia CNV.
Concizumab
Concizumab (Alhemo, concizumab-mtci), Novo Nordisk's humanized anti-TFPI monoclonal antibody, is a once-daily subcutaneous rebalancing prophylaxis for hemophilia A and B with or without inhibitors, FDA-approved 2024.
Concussion
Concussion, a mild traumatic brain injury from head trauma causing temporary altered mental status; also commotion cerebri. Key facts: 300,000 US sports cases yearly, 24-48h rest then early return to school, 6-step return-to-play, Amsterdam 2022 SCAT6 tools.
Concussions in American football
Concussions in American football: sport-related traumatic brain injuries in a collision sport. NFL protocol since 2011, highest football impact accelerations (83.2 g), youth incidence 1.41 per 1,000 exposures, CTE link, $1 billion settlement, Guardian Caps and kickoff rule changes.
CONDITION trial
CONDITION trial (NCT05253820): single-center randomized trial comparing distal vs conventional transradial access for coronary procedures; distal access cut 3-month radial artery occlusion from 3.3% to 0.8% but lowered puncture success.
Conditioned Culture Media
Conditioned culture media (conditioned medium, CCM) is cell culture medium enriched with the secretome of cultivated cells, used for co-culture signaling studies, extracellular vesicle isolation, and cell-free regenerative therapies, with known purity and standardization limits.
Conditioned place preference
Conditioned place preference (CPP) is a behavioral paradigm measuring the rewarding or aversive effects of drugs by testing whether animals spend more time in drug-paired environments, widely used in addiction research.
Conditioning chemotherapy
Conditioning chemotherapy is the high-dose drug treatment given before hematopoietic stem cell transplantation to destroy the recipient's bone marrow, eradicate disease, and suppress immune rejection of donor cells.
Condoliase
Condoliase (SI-6603, HERNICORE), chondroitin sulfate ABC endolyase from Proteus vulgaris, is an enzyme injected into the disc for chemonucleolysis of lumbar disc herniation; approved in Japan in 2018, single 1.25 U dose, 78% effective rate, 9% proceed to surgery.
Condom
A condom, also called a French letter, is a sheath-shaped barrier worn over the penis or inside the vagina or rectum before sex to prevent pregnancy.
Condoman
Condoman: Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander comic superhero created 1987 in Townsville by Aunty Gracelyn Smallwood and health workers, Phantom-based, slogan 'Don't be shame, be game', for HIV and condom education; relaunched 2009.