Human health and medicine

Delayed puberty

Delayed puberty: absence of pubertal signs 2–2.5 SD later than population mean (age 13 girls, 14 boys). Most cases are constitutional delay of growth and puberty, a benign self-limited variant; main alternative is hypogonadism.

Delayed separation of umbilical cord

Delayed separation of umbilical cord, ICD-11 KC20.0, is failure of the stump to detach beyond 3 weeks; up to 10% of newborns, usually benign, but a first sign of leukocyte adhesion deficiency when paired with omphalitis, absent pus, and leukocytosis.

Delayed sleep-wake phase disorder

Delayed sleep-wake phase disorder (DSWPD, formerly DSPS/DSPD), ICD-11 7A60: a circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorder with persistently delayed sleep timing; normal sleep on a delayed schedule; affects about 1% of adults, 3.3-4.6% of adolescents; treated with timed melatonin and light therapy.

Delayed union of fracture

Delayed union of fracture (ICD-11 FB80.9): a fracture not united within the expected consolidation time but still healing slowly, between normal union and nonunion; risk factors include smoking, diabetes, and unstable fixation.

Delayed-Action Preparations

Delayed-Action Preparations (MeSH D003692), also called extended-, sustained-, controlled-, or depot-release formulations, are drug dosage forms acting over time via controlled-release technology, used to lengthen dosing intervals and smooth serum drug levels.

Deleobuvir

Deleobuvir (BI 207127) is an oral nonnucleoside inhibitor of HCV NS5B RNA polymerase binding thumb-pocket 1. It reached phase 3 HCVerso trials with faldaprevir and ribavirin before Boehringer Ingelheim discontinued development.

Deletion 5q35 syndrome

Deletion 5q35 syndrome, also called distal 5q deletion or monosomy 5q35, is a rare chromosomal disorder from terminal deletions of 5q35.1-q35.3; NSD1 deletion causes Sotos syndrome, larger deletions add NKX2.5-related heart defects.

Deletions of chromosome 1

Deletions of chromosome 1 (del(1p), del(1q), 1p36 deletion syndrome, 1q21.1 microdeletion): losses of genetic material from the largest human chromosome, causing constitutional syndromes such as 1p36 deletion and somatic lesions in neuroblastoma, glioma, and myeloma.

Deletions of chromosome 10

Deletions of chromosome 10, or partial monosomy 10, are rare chromosomal disorders missing part of 10p or 10q; 10q26 deletion syndrome (OMIM 609625) involves 3.5–17 Mb deletions with developmental delay, craniofacial anomalies, and heart defects.

Deletions of chromosome 11

Deletions of chromosome 11 (ICD-11 LD44.B; partial monosomy 11) are losses of genetic material from chromosome 11's long or short arm, causing syndromes such as Jacobsen (11q terminal deletion, 1/100,000 newborns), WAGR (11p13), and Potocki-Shaffer (11p11.2).

Deletions of chromosome 13

Deletions of chromosome 13 (13q deletion syndrome, distal monosomy 13q, ICD-11 LD44.D): constitutional partial monosomy 13q causing intellectual disability, microcephaly, and malformations, plus somatic 13q14 deletions in CLL and myeloma.

Deletions of chromosome 14

Deletions of chromosome 14, also called partial monosomy 14 (ICD-11 LD44.E), are missing segments of chromosome 14, mostly the q arm, spanning proximal 14q11.2/14q12, medial 14q22q23, and distal 14q32 forms, causing developmental delay, hypotonia, microcephaly, and FOXG1 or Temple syndromes depending on region.

Deletions of chromosome 19

Deletions of chromosome 19, rare missing segments of the short or long arm, cause microdeletion syndromes including 19p13.13, 19q13.11, and 19q13 deletion syndromes with developmental delay, growth, and craniofacial features.

Deletions of chromosome 2

Deletions of chromosome 2 are losses of genetic material from one of the two copies of chromosome 2, producing several clinically distinct syndromes, including 2q37 deletion and SATB2-associated syndrome.

Deletions of chromosome 22

Deletions of chromosome 22 (ICD-11 LD44.N): group of chromosomal deletion disorders including 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (CATCH 22 phenotype, DiGeorge/velocardiofacial syndrome), distal 22q11.2 microdeletion, and 22q13 deletion (Phelan-McDermid syndrome), caused mainly by NAHR between low copy repeats.

Deletions of chromosome 3

Deletions of chromosome 3 (partial monosomy 3) are rare chromosomal disorders, including 3p deletion syndrome and 3q29 microdeletion syndrome, caused by loss of a chromosome 3 segment, with intellectual disability, developmental delay, and psychiatric features.

Deletions of chromosome 4

Deletions of chromosome 4 (ICD-11 LD44.4) are partial monosomies of chromosome 4, chiefly Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome from 4p16.3 deletion (1 in 20,000-50,000 births) and 4q-syndrome, causing developmental delay, distinctive facies, and congenital anomalies.

Deletions of chromosome 5

Deletions of chromosome 5: 5p deletions cause cri du chat (5p minus) syndrome, a congenital disorder with cat-like cry and developmental delay; somatic del(5q) defines 5q- syndrome, a myelodysplastic syndrome subtype.

Deletions of chromosome 6

Deletions of chromosome 6 (ICD-11 LD44.6) are missing segments of the short (6p) or long (6q) arm, causing syndromes driven by FOXC1, DLL1, PRKN, and TBP haploinsufficiency, plus somatic del(6q) in leukemia.

Deletions of chromosome 8

Deletions of chromosome 8 (ICD-11 LD44.8; ICD-10-CM Q93.9): chromosomal disorders from missing 8p or 8q segments, including monosomy 8p, 8p12 and 8p23.1 microdeletions, recombinant 8 syndrome, and TRPS II.

Deletions of chromosome 9

Deletions of chromosome 9 (ICD-11 LD44.9): missing segments of the short (9p) or long (9q) arm, causing Alfi/9p deletion syndrome, 9q22.3 microdeletion, Kleefstra syndrome, ring chromosome 9, and common deletions in bladder cancer.

Deliriant

Deliriants are hallucinogenic drugs, mainly anticholinergic tropane alkaloids like atropine and scopolamine from Datura and other nightshades, that cause delirium by blocking muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, producing the anticholinergic toxidrome.

Delirium

Delirium (acute confusional state, toxic-metabolic encephalopathy) is an acute, fluctuating disturbance of attention and awareness caused by illness, drugs, or withdrawal. Common in hospitalized older adults; screened with CAM, CAM-ICU, or 4AT; treated by correcting the cause.

Delirium tremens

Delirium tremens (DT), the most severe form of alcohol withdrawal syndrome, is withdrawal delirium with tremor, agitation, and confusion occurring in 3-5% of hospitalized alcohol-withdrawal patients; treated with benzodiazepines, optionally phenobarbital.

DELIVER trial (NCT03619213)

DELIVER (NCT03619213), Dapagliflozin Evaluation to Improve the LIVEs of Patients With PReserved Ejection Fraction Heart Failure: AstraZeneca phase III trial; dapagliflozin 10 mg cut cardiovascular death or worsening heart failure 18% (HR 0.82) in 6,263 patients with LVEF >40%.

DELIVER trial (NCT04418765)

DELIVER (NCT04418765) is a phase 3b randomized trial of eptinezumab (Vyepti), an anti-CGRP antibody, for migraine prevention in adults with 2-4 prior preventive treatment failures; both 100 mg and 300 mg IV doses cut monthly migraine days more than placebo.

Delivery by elective caesarean section

Delivery by elective caesarean section (ICD-11 JB22.0; ICD-10-CM O82.0) is planned surgical birth via abdominal and uterine incision, usually from 39 weeks; trial evidence shows lower neonatal trauma and incontinence but more wound infection and future-pregnancy risks.

Delivery by emergency caesarean section

Delivery by emergency caesarean section (ICD-11 JB22.1) is surgical birth during pregnancy or labor when vaginal delivery is unsafe or impossible, with NICE category 1 targeted within 30 minutes.

DelpHi trial

DelpHi-MV (DelpHi trial, NCT01401582) was a German GP-based cluster-randomized trial of nurse-led dementia care management in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania; 634 participants, reduced neuropsychiatric symptoms and caregiver burden, cost-effective at 24 months.