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Delta-beta thalassemia
Delta-beta thalassemia (δβ-thalassemia) is a beta-thalassemia variant, usually caused by deletions of the delta and beta genes on chromosome 11, that keeps fetal hemoglobin elevated for life.
Delta-sarcoglycan-related limb-girdle muscular dystrophy R6
Delta-sarcoglycan-related limb-girdle muscular dystrophy R6 (LGMD R6, formerly LGMD2F) is a rare autosomal recessive muscular dystrophy caused by SGCD gene variants, typically beginning in childhood.
Deltoid muscle
Deltoid muscle (musculus deltoideus), the triangular shoulder-cap muscle with clavicular, acromial, and spinal parts; axillary nerve (C5, C6); abducts, flexes, extends the arm; preferred adult vaccination site.
Delusion
Delusion: a fixed false belief held with strong conviction despite conflicting evidence and not accepted by the person's culture; a core psychotic symptom defined by DSM-IV/DSM-5 and Jaspers' ununderstandability criterion, studied via aberrant salience and prediction-error models.
Delusion of being controlled
Delusion of being controlled (作為妄想, ICD-11 MB26.01): a psychotic symptom in which a person believes external forces control their thoughts, feelings, or actions; a Schneider first-rank symptom occurring in about 20% of schizophrenia patients, de-emphasized in DSM-5 and ICD-11 diagnostics.
Delusion of guilt
Delusion of guilt (ICD-11 MB26.02, 罪業妄想) is a psychotic symptom of exaggerated self-blame and deserved punishment, occurring mainly in psychotic depression (40% of psychotic major depression) and rare in schizophrenia.
Delusion of impoverishment
Delusion of impoverishment (delusion of poverty), ICD-11 MB26.0C: a fixed false conviction of being or becoming destitute despite contrary evidence, seen in psychotic depression and Cotard syndrome.
Delusion of reference
A delusion of reference is the false belief that neutral events and others' behavior carry special, usually negative, personal significance for oneself, a common psychotic symptom in schizophrenia.
Delusional disorder
Delusional disorder, also called paranoid disorder, is a psychotic condition of persistent non-bizarre delusions with preserved functioning, distinct from schizophrenia; onset near age 40, prevalence 0.02–0.2%, subtypes persecutory, jealous, erotomanic, somatic.
Delusional parasitosis
Delusional parasitosis (delusional infestation, Ekbom syndrome) is a psychotic disorder with a fixed false belief of skin parasite infestation; primary, secondary, and organic forms treated with antipsychotics such as risperidone.
Demecarium
Demecarium (demecarium bromide, Humorsol, Tosmilen, BC-48) is a long-acting cholinesterase inhibitor miotic for glaucoma, FDA approved 1959 and now discontinued; it survives in veterinary use via compounding pharmacies.
Dementia
Dementia: progressive syndrome of memory and cognitive decline from brain-damaging diseases; also called senile dementia historically. Alzheimer disease causes 60–70% of 57 million cases; no cure, symptomatic drugs and risk-factor prevention only.
Dementia due to Alzheimer disease
Dementia due to Alzheimer disease (ICD-11 6D80) is the most common dementia, an insidious amnestic dementia from amyloid-beta and tau pathology, with early-onset, late-onset, and mixed ICD-11 subtypes.
Dementia due to cerebrovascular disease
Dementia due to cerebrovascular disease (ICD-11 6D81), or vascular dementia, is dementia from ischemic or hemorrhagic brain injury, with prominent processing-speed and executive deficits, stepwise or progressive course, and frequent overlap with Alzheimer's pathology.
Dementia due to Down syndrome
Dementia due to Down syndrome (ICD-11 6D85.9) is an Alzheimer-like neurodegenerative disorder caused by chromosome 21 triplication and APP overexpression; dementia prevalence rises from about 3.4% at ages 30-39 to roughly 70% after age 50.
Dementia praecox
Dementia praecox, also demence precoce, was Kraepelin's disused diagnosis for a chronic, deteriorating adolescent-onset psychosis; Bleuler renamed it schizophrenia in 1908, keeping Kraepelin's hebephrenic, catatonic, and paranoid subtypes.
Dementia with Lewy bodies
Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), a Lewy body dementia, is the second most common neurodegenerative dementia after Alzheimer's, caused by alpha-synuclein Lewy bodies, with hallucinations, fluctuating cognition, parkinsonism, and REM sleep behavior disorder.
DEMETRA study (NCT05732623)
The DEMETRA study (NCT05732623) is an international, multicenter case-control study led by San Raffaele University in Milan investigating dietary and lifestyle risk factors for colorectal cancer diagnosed before age 50.
Demodicosis
Demodicosis is inflammatory skin or eye disease from overgrowth of Demodex folliculorum or Demodex brevis mites, normal skin flora; diagnosed above five mites/cm², treated with ivermectin, and strongly associated with but not proven causal for rosacea.
Demoralization
Demoralization is a psychological state of helplessness, hopelessness, a sense of failure, and inability to cope, described most often in medically ill and psychiatric patients and distinct from depression.
Demplatin pegraglumer
Demplatin pegraglumer (NC-6004, Nanoplatin) is a ~30 nm polymeric micelle formulation of cisplatin in PEG-poly(glutamic acid), developed by Kataoka's group and NanoCarrier, tested with gemcitabine in phase III pancreatic cancer trials.
Demyelinating disease
A demyelinating disease is a disorder in which the myelin sheath around nerve fibers is damaged, slowing or blocking nerve signals; multiple sclerosis is the most common form.
DEND syndrome
DEND syndrome (developmental delay, epilepsy, and neonatal diabetes) is a rare KCNJ11/ABCC8 KATP channel disorder causing neonatal diabetes with severe neurologic impairment, treatable with sulfonylureas.
Dendritic cell therapy
Dendritic cell therapy is an individualized cancer immunotherapy that loads a patient's own dendritic cells with tumor antigens and reinfuses them; sipuleucel-T was FDA-approved in 2010.
Dendritic spine
Dendritic spines (espinas) are small actin-rich protrusions on neuronal dendrites forming the postsynaptic side of most excitatory synapses; discovered by Cajal in 1888, they number 1-10 per micrometer and remodel during learning, aging, and disease.
DengiAll
DengiAll (DengiALL) is Panacea Biotec's single-dose tetravalent live attenuated dengue vaccine, derived from NIH TV003/TV005 strains, in Phase III trials with ICMR across 19 Indian sites since August 2024, enrolling 10,335 adults.
Dengue fever
Dengue fever, also called dengue and severe dengue, is a mosquito-borne flaviviral disease (DENV-1 to DENV-4) spread by Aedes aegypti; ~390 million infections yearly, severe plasma leakage on secondary infection, treated by fluid therapy, vaccines Dengvaxia and Qdenga.
Dengue tetravalent vaccine, live
Dengue tetravalent vaccine, live is Dengvaxia (CYD-TDV), Sanofi's live attenuated chimeric yellow fever 17D-based dengue vaccine, first licensed in 2015, indicated only for seropositive people, and discontinued in 2024–2026 for low demand.
Dengue vaccine
Dengue vaccines protect against the four dengue virus serotypes. Dengvaxia (CYD-TDV, Sanofi) was first licensed in 2015 but restricted to seropositive recipients and later discontinued; Qdenga (TAK-003, Takeda) was WHO prequalified in 2024 for children 6-16 in high-transmission settings.
Dengue with warning signs
Dengue with warning signs, a tier of the WHO 2009 dengue classification, marks symptomatic dengue patients showing indicators such as persistent vomiting, mucosal bleeding, or liver enlargement, requiring hospital management.