25,729 articles
Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder
Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD), a DSM-5 depressive disorder added in 2013, involves chronic childhood irritability and frequent severe temper outbursts; created to curb pediatric bipolar misdiagnosis, with 3.3% community prevalence and no FDA-approved medications.
DissEcT trial
DissEcT (NCT06992453), Disentangling Microbiome Engraftment by Multi-omics of the Gut Ecosystem During Fecal Transplant, is a Rome-based trial using multi-omics to study FMT engraftment in rCDI, ulcerative colitis, and metabolic syndrome.
Dissecting cellulitis of the scalp
Dissecting cellulitis of the scalp (perifolliculitis capitis abscedens et suffodiens, Hoffman's disease) is a chronic inflammatory follicular occlusion disorder causing painful scalp nodules, sinus tracts, and scarring alopecia, mainly in African American men aged 20-40.
Dissection
Dissection is cutting and separating tissues for surgery, autopsy, or anatomy teaching. Revived at medieval Bologna, advanced by Vesalius, sustained today by body donation, prosections, and virtual dissection tables.
Dissection of cerebral arteries
Dissection of cerebral arteries (ICD-11 8B22.0) is a hematoma within an intracranial artery wall, causing ischemic stroke or subarachnoid hemorrhage; rare, mostly in young adults, diagnosed by imaging, treated with antithrombotics or endovascular or surgical occlusion.
Disseminated adiaspiromycosis
Disseminated adiaspiromycosis (ICD-11 1F2L.0, Emmonsiosis) is the severe bilateral pulmonary form of adiaspiromycosis, caused by inhaled Emmonsia crescens conidia that swell into nonreplicating adiaspores, provoking granulomas, respiratory failure, and rare deaths.
Disseminated aspergillosis
Disseminated aspergillosis (ICD-10 B44.7, systemic aspergillosis): hematogenous spread of invasive Aspergillus infection, usually A. fumigatus, to two or more non-contiguous organs in immunocompromised patients, with mortality near 88-90%.
Disseminated coccidioidomycosis
Disseminated coccidioidomycosis (DCM), severe extrapulmonary Valley fever: hematogenous spread of Coccidioides immitis or posadasii to skin, bones, joints, or meninges; about 1% of infections, 25% untreated mortality, treated with fluconazole or amphotericin B.
Disseminated cryptococcosis
Disseminated cryptococcosis: spread of Cryptococcus neoformans or C. gattii from the lungs to two or more noncontiguous organs, mainly CNS; affects immunocompromised, especially advanced HIV; treated with amphotericin B plus flucytosine then fluconazole.
Disseminated dermatophytosis
Disseminated dermatophytosis (ICD-11 1F28.5) is rare systemic spread of dermatophyte fungi, usually Trichophyton rubrum, to lymph nodes and internal organs in immunodeficient hosts, treated with systemic antifungals.
Disseminated gonococcal infection
Disseminated gonococcal infection (DGI): bloodstream spread of Neisseria gonorrhoeae from a mucosal site, causing septic arthritis, tenosynovitis, and skin lesions; treated with ceftriaxone, rare but rising in Alaska and California.
Disseminated intravascular coagulation
Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), also called consumptive coagulopathy, is an acquired syndrome of systemic coagulation activation causing microvascular thrombosis, bleeding, and organ failure, mainly in sepsis, trauma, and cancer, with 45-78% ICU mortality.
Disseminated non-tuberculous mycobacterial infection
Disseminated non-tuberculous mycobacterial infection (ICD-11 1B21.3): NTM spread to two or more non-contiguous organs, mainly MAC in severe immunosuppression; treated with macrolide plus ethambutol for at least 12 months.
Disseminated peritoneal leiomyomatosis
Disseminated peritoneal leiomyomatosis, also called leiomyomatosis peritonealis disseminata, is a rare benign condition in which multiple smooth muscle nodules resembling uterine fibroids spread across the abdominal cavity, often mimicking cancer.
Disseminated sporotrichosis
Disseminated sporotrichosis is the systemic form of Sporothrix fungal infection, affecting lungs, bones, meninges, and mucosa mainly in immunocompromised people, especially HIV with CD4 below 150 cells/μL; treated with amphotericin B then long-term itraconazole.
Disseminated zoster
Disseminated zoster (disseminated herpes zoster) is severe shingles with rash beyond the primary dermatomes or visceral/CNS involvement, occurring almost exclusively in immunocompromised people and treated with intravenous acyclovir.
Dissociative
Dissociatives are NMDA-antagonist drugs (ketamine, PCP, DXM, esketamine) causing detachment without full unconsciousness; used as anesthetics, in depression treatment, and recreationally as Schedule III substances.
Dissociative amnesia
Dissociative amnesia (psychogenic or functional amnesia) is a controversial psychiatric condition of inability to recall stressful autobiographical information without a neurological cause; DSM-5 includes fugue as a subtype, and case-study evidence and biomarkers remain weak.
Dissociative disorder
Dissociative disorders, including dissociative identity disorder (DID, formerly multiple personality disorder), dissociative amnesia, and depersonalization-derealization disorder, are trauma-linked conditions marked by disrupted memory, identity, and consciousness, treated mainly with psychotherapy.
Dissociative fugue
Dissociative fugue (psychogenic fugue): sudden purposeful travel with retrograde loss of autobiographical memory and identity, now a DSM-5-TR/ICD-11 specifier of dissociative amnesia, not a separate diagnosis.
Dissociative identity disorder
Dissociative identity disorder (DID), formerly multiple personality disorder, is a contested dissociative disorder with two or more identity states and dissociative amnesia, linked to childhood trauma under the trauma model and to suggestion under the sociocognitive model.
Dissociative neurological symptom disorder
Dissociative neurological symptom disorder (ICD-11 6B60) is the WHO classification of functional neurological symptoms such as non-epileptic seizures, paralysis, or sensory loss, with twelve subtypes; the DSM-5 counterpart is functional neurological symptom disorder (conversion disorder).
Distal 16p11.2 microdeletion syndrome
Distal 16p11.2 microdeletion syndrome (atypical 16p11.2 deletion, OMIM 613444) is a rare ~220 kb chromosome 16p11.2 BP2-BP3 deletion involving SH2B1, causing developmental delay, autism, and severe early-onset obesity.
Distal 17p13.1 microdeletion syndrome
Distal 17p13.1 microdeletion syndrome (distal del(17)(p13.1), ORPHA:319171) is an ultra-rare chromosomal disorder with developmental delay, absent speech, microcephaly, and distinctive facial features from small 17p13.1 deletions near TP53.
Distal 17p13.3 microdeletion syndrome
Distal 17p13.3 microdeletion syndrome (distal monosomy 17p13.3, ORPHA:261257) is a rare partial monosomy of chromosome 17p13.3 sparing PAFAH1B1, causing growth retardation, developmental delay, macrocephaly, and brain anomalies without lissencephaly.
Distal 22q11.2 microdeletion syndrome
Distal 22q11.2 microdeletion syndrome (distal del(22)(q11.2), OMIM 611867) is a rare autosomal dominant chromosomal disorder from deletion of 22q11.2 distal to the DiGeorge region (LCR22-D to H), causing prematurity, growth and speech delay, mild intellectual disability, cardiac defects, and rhabdoid tumor risk when SMARCB1 is deleted.
Distal 7q11.23 microdeletion syndrome
Distal 7q11.23 microdeletion syndrome (distal del(7)(q11.23), OMIM 613729) is a rare autosomal dominant chromosomal disorder caused by deletion distal to the Williams-Beuren region, typically including HIP1 and YWHAG, causing epilepsy, developmental delay, and neurobehavioral abnormalities with incomplete penetrance.
Distal 7q11.23 microduplication syndrome
Distal 7q11.23 microduplication syndrome (dup7q11.23D, ORPHA:261102) is a rare chromosomal disorder duplicating HIP1 and YWHAG distal to the Williams-Beuren region, causing speech delay, ADHD, aggressiveness, and learning difficulties.
Distal anoctaminopathy
Distal anoctaminopathy (Miyoshi muscular dystrophy 3, MMD3) is a rare autosomal recessive distal myopathy from biallelic ANO5 mutations, with adult-onset asymmetric calf weakness, very high creatine kinase, and slow progression.
Distal arthrogryposis type 1
Distal arthrogryposis type 1 (DA1, digitotalar dysmorphism, AMCD1): autosomal dominant congenital contractures of hands and feet (camptodactyly, overlapping fingers, clubfoot) caused by TPM2, MYBPC1, TNNI2, TNNT3, or MYH3 mutations.