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Disorders of cholesterol synthesis
Disorders of cholesterol synthesis (inborn errors of sterol biosynthesis, ICD-11 5C52.10): eight genetic enzyme blocks from lanosterol to cholesterol, including Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome (DHCR7, 1 in 50,000), causing malformations via impaired hedgehog signaling and toxic sterol buildup.
Disorders of creatine metabolism
Disorders of creatine metabolism, also called cerebral creatine deficiency syndromes, are inherited defects in creatine synthesis or transport causing developmental delay, seizures, and intellectual disability.
Disorders of diaphragm
Disorders of diaphragm (ICD-11 CB23): diaphragm paralysis, relaxation, acquired deformity, and diaphragmitis. Excludes congenital hernia (LB00.0). Treated by plication; traumatic rupture under 1% of injuries.
Disorders of diminished motivation
Disorders of diminished motivation (DDM): apathy, abulia, and akinetic mutism on a severity continuum, defined by primary loss of goal-directed behavior, thought, and emotion, linked to frontal-basal ganglia dopaminergic circuits across stroke, TBI, and dementias.
Disorders of Eustachian tube
Disorders of Eustachian tube (ICD-11 AB10) cover Eustachian tube dysfunction and related conditions. ETD has three subtypes (dilatory, baro-challenge-induced, patulous), affects about 1% of adults, and is diagnosed clinically without a gold-standard test.
Disorders of extraocular muscles
Disorders of extraocular muscles (ICD-11 9C82) affect the six eye-moving muscles, causing paresis or restriction and diplopia. Thyroid eye disease is the most common cause; nonthyroid causes are inflammatory, vascular, and neoplastic.
Disorders of facial nerve
Disorders of facial nerve (ICD-11 8B88, 顔面神経障害) are diseases of cranial nerve VII, including Bell palsy, facial myokymia, hemifacial spasm, and facial neuritis; facial palsy is the most common cranial nerve disorder.
Disorders of intellectual development
Disorders of intellectual development are neurodevelopmental conditions marked by intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior at least two standard deviations below the mean, classified as ICD-11 code 6A00.
Disorders of iron metabolism
Disorders of iron metabolism (ICD-11 5C64.1) cover iron deficiency and iron overload conditions such as hemochromatosis, anemia of inflammation, IRIDA, and aceruloplasminemia, all tied to the hepcidin-ferroportin axis.
Disorders of lacrimal gland
Disorders of lacrimal gland (ICD-11 9A10) cover dacryoadenitis, Sjögren-related gland destruction, and epithelial or lymphoid tumors of the tear-producing gland in the superolateral orbit.
Disorders of magnesium metabolism
Disorders of magnesium metabolism (ICD-10 E83.4; ICD-11 5C64.4) cover hypomagnesemia and hypermagnesemia. Hypomagnesemia is common in hospitalized patients from GI, renal, or drug causes; hypermagnesemia is rare, mainly in kidney disease.
Disorders of neutrophil chemotaxis
Disorders of neutrophil chemotaxis (ICD-11 4B01.01) are conditions in which neutrophils cannot migrate along chemotactic gradients to infections, seen in LAD types I-IV, RAC2 and actin defects, Shwachman-Diamond, and hyper-IgE syndrome.
Disorders of neutrophil function
Disorders of neutrophil function (ICD-11 4B01): inherited or acquired defects in neutrophil adhesion, chemotaxis, or killing, including chronic granulomatous disease, leukocyte adhesion deficiency, MPO and G6PD deficiency, and CARD9 deficiency.
Disorders of nucleotide metabolism
Disorders of nucleotide metabolism, also called inborn errors of purine and pyrimidine metabolism, are heritable enzyme defects of nucleotide synthesis, salvage, or catabolism; over 30 known, including Lesch-Nyhan disease, ADA deficiency, and orotic aciduria.
Disorders of oral mucosa
Disorders of oral mucosa (ICD-11 DA01): inflammatory, ulcerative, infectious, immune-mediated, and potentially malignant conditions of the mouth's lining, including aphthous stomatitis, oral lichen planus, candidiasis, leukoplakia, and erythroplakia, diagnosed by clinical examination, biopsy, and direct immunofluorescence.
Disorders of orthostatic tolerance
Disorders of orthostatic tolerance (ICD-11 8D89): conditions causing symptomatic hypotension on standing, including reflex syncope, autonomic-failure syncope, POTS, and baroreflex failure.
Disorders of pyruvate metabolism
Disorders of pyruvate metabolism, chiefly pyruvate dehydrogenase complex deficiency (PDHA1, X-linked) and pyruvate carboxylase deficiency (autosomal recessive), inborn errors causing lactic acidosis and neurological dysfunction, managed with ketogenic diet and supportive care.
Disorders of refraction
Disorders of refraction, or refractive errors, are eye conditions where light fails to focus on the retina, causing blurred vision; the main types are myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, and presbyopia.
Disorders of sodium metabolism
Disorders of sodium metabolism (ICD-11 5C64.6) are dysnatremias: hyponatremia, serum sodium below 135 mmol/L, and hypernatremia, above 145 mmol/L, caused by disturbed water balance regulated by vasopressin and thirst.
Disorders of surfactant metabolism
Disorders of surfactant metabolism, also called surfactant dysfunction disorders (ICD-11 CB04.2), are rare genetic lung diseases from SFTPB, SFTPC, ABCA3, and NKX2-1 mutations, causing neonatal respiratory distress or interstitial lung disease.
Disorders of urea cycle metabolism
Urea cycle disorders (UCDs), also called disorders of urea cycle metabolism, are inherited defects in eight urea cycle enzymes or transporters causing hyperammonemia; about half present neonatally, OTC deficiency is the most common form.
Disorders of vestibular function
Disorders of vestibular function (ICD-11 AB34, formerly ICD-10 H81): inner-ear and brain disorders of the balance system causing vertigo, dizziness, and imbalance; includes BPPV, Menière's disease, vestibular migraine, and bilateral vestibulopathy.
Disorders of zinc metabolism
Disorders of zinc metabolism (ICD-10 E83.2, ICD-11 5C64.2) cover zinc deficiency states, chiefly acrodermatitis enteropathica (SLC39A4/Zip4) and transient neonatal zinc deficiency (SLC30A2), treated with oral zinc.
Disorganised behaviour
Disorganised behaviour (ICD-11 MB23.6, 行動の統合不全) is a coded symptom: unpredictable, non-goal-directed activity such as shouting at strangers, equivalent to ICD-10-CM R46.2 and a positive symptom of psychotic disorders.
Disorganised thinking
Disorganised thinking, also known as formal thought disorder, is a disruption of associative thought evident in speech, counted among the positive symptoms of psychosis, particularly schizophrenia.
Disorganized schizophrenia
Disorganized schizophrenia, also called hebephrenia or hebephrenic schizophrenia, was a DSM-IV schizophrenia subtype marked by disorganized speech and behavior and flat affect; eliminated from DSM-5 and ICD-11.
Displacement of eyeball
Displacement of eyeball (眼球偏位), ICD-11 code 9A20 under Disorders of orbit, covers axial (proptosis, enophthalmos) and non-axial globe displacement; main adult cause is thyroid eye disease, measured by exophthalmometry or CT.
Displacement plethysmography
Displacement plethysmography is a family of diagnostic techniques measuring volume change of a limb or whole body by detecting displaced fluid or air, including air-displacement plethysmography.
Disposable Equipment
Disposable equipment: apparatus, devices, or supplies intended for one-time or temporary use (MeSH D004209); in medicine, single-use devices like syringes and catheters, regulated for reprocessing by FDA and EU MDR Article 17, with waste and carbon trade-offs versus reusables.
Disruptive behaviour
Disruptive behaviour (ICD-11 MB23.8) is a symptom category for behaviour causing disorder and turmoil in others or one's environment, such as angry outbursts, arguments, and disobedience, excluded from the related disruptive behaviour or dissocial disorders grouping.