25,729 articles
Discoid lupus erythematosus
Discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE, chronic cutaneous lupus) is a scarring autoimmune skin disease of the face and scalp; 22 to 30 percent of patients progress to systemic lupus erythematosus, with ANA titers of 1:320 or higher a key risk factor.
Discoid meniscus
Discoid meniscus: congenital abnormally thick, disc-shaped knee meniscus, mostly lateral, in 3-5% of Western and 10-15% of Asian populations; Watanabe types I-III; treated by saucerization.
Discover-1 trial
DISCOVER-1 (NCT03162796) is a phase 3 Lancet-published trial of guselkumab (Tremfya) in active psoriatic arthritis; 381 patients, about 30% TNFi-experienced; ACR20 at week 24 was 59% (Q4W) and 52% (Q8W) versus 22% placebo. Distinct from the DISCOVER HIV and stent trials.
DisCoVeRy trial
DisCoVeRy (NCT04315948) was a French multicentre adaptive randomised trial of remdesivir, lopinavir/ritonavir, interferon beta-1a, and hydroxychloroquine in hospitalised COVID-19 adults, an add-on to WHO Solidarity; its hydroxychloroquine and lopinavir arms were stopped in 2020.
Discrete papular lichen myxedematosus
Discrete papular lichen myxedematosus is a rare, chronic skin condition with small, symmetrical, flesh-colored mucinous papules on the limbs and trunk, without paraproteinemia or thyroid disease.
Disease
A disease is a condition in which bodily structures or functions deviate from the norm, typically with characteristic signs and symptoms, classified internationally by the WHO's ICD since 1893.
Disease activity measures and treat-to-target in rheumatoid arthritis
Disease activity measures in rheumatoid arthritis, including DAS28, CDAI, SDAI, and Boolean criteria, guide treat-to-target: adjusting therapy until remission or low disease activity is reached.
Disease activity score
The disease activity score (DAS) is a composite clinical index for rheumatoid arthritis that combines joint counts, patient global assessment, and ESR or CRP to guide treatment.
Disease Management
Disease management, also called disease state management or chronic disease management, is coordinated healthcare for chronic conditions using guidelines, self-management support, and multidisciplinary teams; originated in 1990s US managed care, now evolved into population health management.
Disease Outbreaks
A disease outbreak is when cases exceed the expected baseline in an area, group, or period; larger spread is an epidemic, and a worldwide one is a pandemic.
Disease registry
Disease registry: an organized system collecting uniform records on cases of a disease or condition in a defined population, used for surveillance, research, and quality improvement; examples include SEER cancer registration, Danish national registries, and AHA Get With The Guidelines registries.
Disease risk score
A disease risk score (DRS) is an epidemiology confounder summary method that condenses many patient covariates into a single predicted probability of disease, serving as the prognostic analog of the propensity score.
Disease X
Disease X is a placeholder name the World Health Organization uses for a hypothetical unknown pathogen that could cause a serious international epidemic or pandemic.
Disease-Free Survival
Disease-free survival (DFS), also called relapse-free survival (RFS), is an oncology clinical trial endpoint measuring time after primary treatment without signs or symptoms of cancer; the FDA accepts it as a surrogate for overall survival in adjuvant settings such as resected colon cancer, melanoma, renal cell cancer, GIST, breast cancer, and stage III NSCLC.
Disease-modifying antirheumatic drug
Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), including methotrexate, leflunomide, sulfasalazine, hydroxychloroquine, biologics, and JAK inhibitors, slow rheumatoid arthritis progression; methotrexate is the anchor csDMARD.
Diseases and epidemics of the 19th century
Diseases and epidemics of the 19th century: cholera pandemics from 1817, yellow fever, smallpox, tuberculosis, and malaria; John Snow's 1854 Broad Street investigation, germ theory, and the first international sanitary agreements.
Diseases of hard tissues of teeth
Diseases of hard tissues of teeth (ICD-11 DA08) covers conditions affecting enamel, dentine, or cementum: dental caries, attrition, abrasion, erosion, abfraction, resorption, chronic dental injuries, nontraumatic fracture, and deposits, aggregated from ICD-10 K02 and K03.
Diseases of immune dysregulation
Diseases of immune dysregulation, also called primary immune regulatory disorders (PIRDs), are IUIS Table 4 inborn errors of immunity (ICD-11 4A01.2) where autoimmunity, hyperinflammation, lymphoproliferation, or atopy predominates over infection susceptibility; examples include ALPS, IPEX, APECED, and familial HLH.
Diseases of jaws
Diseases of jaws (ICD-11 DA06; ICD-10 K10) are conditions of the maxilla and mandible not classified elsewhere: inflammatory bone disease, alveolitis, exostosis, Stafne cavity, plus jaw cysts, osteonecrosis, and tumors.
Diseases of poverty
Diseases of poverty: HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria, neglected tropical diseases, and increasingly NCDs that disproportionately affect the poorest populations, driven by poor water, sanitation, nutrition, and healthcare access, with burden, interventions, and post-2023 trends.
Diseases of salivary glands
Diseases of salivary glands (ICD-10 K11, ICD-11 DA04) cover stones, sialadenitis, Sjögren disease, IgG4-related sialadenitis, and benign or malignant tumors of the parotid, submandibular, sublingual, and minor glands.
Diseases of the colon and rectum
Diseases of the Colon & Rectum (Dis Colon Rectum, ISSNs 0012-3706 and 1530-0358) is the ASCRS's monthly peer-reviewed colorectal surgery journal, founded in 1958 under editor Louis A. Buie and published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins since 2009.
Diseases of thymus
Diseases of thymus (ICD-11 4B40): thymic hyperplasia, thymic abscess, Good syndrome, and thymic epithelial tumors (thymoma, thymic carcinoma), rare mediastinal neoplasms linked to myasthenia gravis and treated mainly by surgery.
Diseases of tongue
Diseases of tongue, ICD-10 K14 and ICD-11 DA03, are disorders of tongue surface, movement, or sensation. Common forms are geographic, fissured, and black hairy tongue; leukoplakia and squamous cell carcinoma are the main serious lesions.
Disembowelment
Disembowelment (evisceration): protrusion of bowel or omentum through an abdominal wound, a laparotomy indication now selectively managed in stable patients, and historically an execution method and the samurai ritual seppuku.
Disinhibited social engagement disorder
Disinhibited social engagement disorder (DSED), formerly disinhibited RAD or ICD-10 disinhibited attachment disorder, is a childhood disorder of indiscriminate sociability toward strangers after severe neglect, diagnosable from 9 months, distinct from autism and RAD.
Disinhibition
Disinhibition, also called behavioral disinhibition or the disinhibition versus constraint trait, is reduced restraint over impulses and emotions, seen as a neurological state after frontal brain injury, alcohol, or drugs, and as a personality trait linked to externalizing psychopathology and ICD-11 trait domains.
Disinhibition in dementia
Disinhibition in dementia (ICD-11 6D86.5) is a neuropsychiatric symptom of impaired restraint, impulsivity, and poor risk assessment, common in bvFTD and Alzheimer's disease, managed with pain treatment and nonpharmacological care.
Disitamab vedotin
Disitamab vedotin, sold as Aidexi and code-named RC48, is an antibody–drug conjugate targeting HER2, developed by RemeGen and first approved in China in 2021 for gastric cancer.
Dislocated shoulder
Dislocated shoulder: the humeral head separates from the glenoid socket, anterior in over 95% of cases. Treated by closed reduction, sling, and rehabilitation; surgery lowers recurrence in young patients.