25,729 articles
DIMS trial
DIMS trial (NCT03165812), A Diabetes Improvement in Medical Therapy Versus SADJB Study: Malaysian trial comparing SADJB-SG bariatric surgery with intensive medical therapy for type 2 diabetes in Asian patients with BMI 23.5-30 kg/m2; 84 planned participants, no results posted.
Dinaciclib
Dinaciclib, also known as SCH 727965 or MK-7965, is an experimental anticancer drug that blocks CDK1, CDK2, CDK5, and CDK9, tested in trials without regulatory approval.
DINE study
DINE study (Developmental Impact of NICU Exposures), an NIH ECHO cohort of ~800 preterm children from four parent studies (PROP, TOLSURF, PENUT, NICU-HEALTH), recruited 2010–2020, studying NICU phthalate, metal, and environmental exposures and long-term neurodevelopment; distinct from DINE-Normal, DINE-CD, and prostate DINE trials.
Dingjing Decoction
定经汤 (Dingjing decoction), a Qing-dynasty TCM formula from Fu Qingzhu's Obstetrics and Gynecology for irregular menstruation from liver stagnation with kidney deficiency; eight herbs, decoction, now used for PCOS and intermenstrual bleeding.
DINUP trial
DINUP (Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 Inhibition and Narrow-band Ultraviolet-B light in Psoriasis) was a 39-week, single-centre Irish randomized trial in which sitagliptin plus NB-UVB modestly improved psoriasis severity versus phototherapy alone in 118 patients without type 2 diabetes.
Dinutuximab
Dinutuximab (Unituxin, also called ch14.18) is a monoclonal antibody targeting GD2 on neuroblastoma cells, approved by the FDA in March 2015 as the first therapy for high-risk disease.
Diogenes syndrome
Diogenes syndrome, also called senile squalor, is a neurobehavioral syndrome of severe self-neglect, domestic squalor, hoarding, lack of shame, and refusal of help, named by Clark et al. in 1975 and not listed in DSM-5 or ICD-10.
DIOGENES trial
DiOGenes (Diet, Obesity and Genes) trial, NCT00390637: pan-European randomized trial in eight countries testing high vs low protein and glycemic index ad libitum diets for weight-loss maintenance; higher protein reduced regain.
DIOPSYS trial
DIOPSYS trial (NCT03642782): a single-arm diagnostic study at Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint-Joseph, Paris, sponsored by Fondation Hôpital Saint-Joseph, testing the Diopsys NOVA pattern electroretinogram for early glaucoma diagnosis; 12 patients planned, started July 2018, now suspended.
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, or gliptins, are oral type 2 diabetes drugs that prolong incretin action; sitagliptin was first approved in 2006, with neutral cardiovascular outcomes but a saxagliptin heart failure signal.
DIPG trial
DIPG trial: clinical studies for diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG), a fatal pediatric brainstem tumor. Key trials include hypofractionated radiotherapy comparisons, BIOMEDE targeted therapy, NCT03620032 re-irradiation, and CAR T studies.
Diphemanil
Diphemanil, sold as Prantal, is a synthetic quaternary ammonium anticholinergic drug that blocks muscarinic receptors to reduce stomach acid, saliva, and sweat; it was used for peptic ulcer and is now discontinued.
Diphenhydramine
Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) is a first-generation antihistamine developed by George Rieveschl and first marketed in 1946 by Parke-Davis. Used for allergy, motion sickness, and sleep aids; Beers Criteria advise avoiding it in older adults.
Diphenidol
Diphenidol (difenidol; Vontrol, Cephadol) is a non-phenothiazine antiemetic and antivertigo tertiary alcohol drug, approved in the US in 1967 and now discontinued there, still used in Japan for vertigo.
Diphenoxylate
Diphenoxylate (Lomotil, with atropine) is a phenylpiperidine μ-opioid agonist antidiarrheal, US Schedule V, contraindicated under age 6, dependence reported at 100-300 mg/day.
Diphenylpyraline
Diphenylpyraline (CAS 147-20-6, Hispril, Lergobine) is a first-generation piperidine sedating antihistamine, H1 antagonist with anticholinergic action, used for allergic rhinitis and pruritus; also a cocaine-like dopamine transporter inhibitor.
Diphtheria
Diphtheria, also called the strangling angel, is a toxin-mediated bacterial disease from Corynebacterium diphtheriae causing throat pseudomembranes; preventable by DTP toxoid vaccine, fatal in 5-10% of cases.
Diphtheria & tetanus toxoids & acellular pertussis vaccine adsorbed
Diphtheria & tetanus toxoids & acellular pertussis vaccine adsorbed, sold as DAPTACEL, is a Sanofi DTaP vaccine approved in the United States in 2002 for infants and children under 7.
Diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and acellular pertussis adsorbed and inactivated poliovirus vaccine
Diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and acellular pertussis adsorbed and inactivated poliovirus vaccine, sold as Quadracel, is a Sanofi Pasteur DTaP-IPV vaccine approved in 2015 for children 4 through 6.
Diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and acellular pertussis adsorbed, inactivated poliovirus, haemophilus b conjugate [meningococcal protein conjugate] and hepatitis b [recombinant] vaccine
Vaxelis (DTaP-IPV-Hib-HepB) is a hexavalent infant combination vaccine by MCM/MSP Vaccine Company, EMA-approved 2016 and FDA-licensed December 21, 2018, given at 2, 4, and 6 months and not used as a booster.
Diphtheria and tetanus vaccine adsorbed
Diphtheria and tetanus vaccine adsorbed (DT, Dual Antigen) is a WHO-prequalified pediatric toxoid vaccine by Serum Institute of India for children under 7 when pertussis vaccination is contraindicated; 0.5 ml IM doses, thiomersal-preserved.
Diphtheria and tetanus vaccine adsorbed for adults and adolescents
Diphtheria and Tetanus Vaccine Adsorbed for Adults and Adolescents (dT) is a WHO-prequalified reduced-diphtheria-antigen toxoid vaccine by Serum Institute of India, prequalified since 4 April 1995, given intramuscularly, stored at 2-8°C with 36-month shelf life.
Diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis and haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine
DTwP-Hib (Diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis and Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine), also DTwP+Hib, a tetravalent adsorbed infant combination vaccine; whole-cell pertussis plus Hib conjugate, 3 doses from 6 weeks, WHO-prequalified products from Serum Institute of India and others.
Diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, hepatitis b and haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine adsorbed
Diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, hepatitis B and Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine adsorbed (DTwP-HepB-Hib), a WHO-prequalified liquid pentavalent infant vaccine by Serum Institute of India, prequalified 22/09/2010, 2-dose vial, thiomersal-preserved, distinct from hexavalent HEXASII.
Dipivefrin
Dipivefrin (dipivalyl epinephrine, brand Propine) is an epinephrine prodrug eye drop for glaucoma; 0.1% twice daily, 17-fold better corneal penetration, discontinued in the US.
Diplomate of National Board
Diplomate of National Board (DNB), also DrNB and FNB, is India's NBEMS-awarded postgraduate medical qualification, legally equivalent to MD/MS/DM/MCh, entered via NEET-PG with 3-year hospital training and a two-stage exit exam.
Diplopia
Diplopia (double vision): perception of two images of one object. Monocular diplopia persists with one eye open (cataract, astigmatism); binocular diplopia resolves when either eye closes and signals ocular misalignment, from decompensated phoria to cranial nerve palsy.
Dipsomania
Dipsomania (Trunksucht) is an obsolete 19th-century diagnosis of episodic, irresistible craving for alcohol with sober intervals; now classified under alcohol use disorder, not DSM-5 or ICD-11.
Dipstick test
A dipstick test is a low-cost point-of-care urine test in which a plastic strip bearing chemically treated pads changes color to detect glucose, protein, blood, ketones, nitrite, and other analytes.
Dipyridamole
Dipyridamole, sold as Persantine, is a pyrimidopyrimidine drug with antiplatelet and vasodilator effects, combined with aspirin for secondary prevention of ischemic stroke and used in nuclear stress testing.