Human health and medicine

Etentamig

Etentamig (ABBV-383, formerly TNB-383B) is AbbVie's investigational BCMA x CD3 bispecific T-cell engager for multiple myeloma and AL amyloidosis; its Phase 3 CERVINO trial reported 74% ORR and PFS hazard ratio 0.40 versus standard therapies.

Eteplirsen

Eteplirsen (Exondys 51) is a phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomer inducing exon 51 skipping in Duchenne muscular dystrophy, FDA accelerated approval 2016, EU-refused, controversial efficacy evidence, ~13% of DMD patients eligible.

Etesevimab

Etesevimab (JS016, LY-CoV016, CB6) is a human IgG1 monoclonal antibody against the SARS-CoV-2 spike RBD, developed by Junshi Biosciences and IMCAS with Eli Lilly, authorized with bamlanivimab for COVID-19 and revoked in 2023 over resistant variants.

Etest

The Etest is a gradient diffusion method for antimicrobial susceptibility testing in which a plastic strip carrying a dried antibiotic gradient yields a quantified MIC on agar.

Ethanol sclerotherapy

Ethanol sclerotherapy is an image-guided injection of absolute alcohol into vascular malformations, cysts, or varicose veins, obliterating them by thrombosis and scarring; it is the most effective but most aggressive sclerosing agent.

Ethchlorvynol

Ethchlorvynol (Placidyl, Arvynol) is a discontinued nonbarbiturate sedative-hypnotic, C7H9ClO, introduced in 1955 for short-term insomnia treatment and later superseded because of dependence and withdrawal risks.

Ether addiction

Ether addiction: dependence on diethyl ether when inhaled or drunk for intoxication, grouped with inhalants. Documented in 19th-century Ireland's ether drinking epidemic and in case reports fulfilling DSM-IV dependence criteria without physical withdrawal.

Ether anesthesia

Ether anesthesia is general anesthesia produced by inhaling diethyl ether vapor, inducing unconsciousness, analgesia, and muscle relaxation; first shown publicly in 1846, it persists in low-resource settings.

Ethics Committees

Ethics committees, or hospital/clinical ethics committees (HECs, CECs), are multidisciplinary hospital bodies providing ethics consultation, education, and policy support; distinct from research ethics committees, they grew from 1% of US hospitals in the early 1980s to over 90% by the late 1990s.

Ethinamate

Ethinamate (Valmid), 1-ethynylcyclohexyl carbamate, C9H13NO2, is a discontinued short-acting nonbarbiturate carbamate sedative-hypnotic formerly used for insomnia; DEA Schedule IV, half-life 2.5 hours.

Ethinylestradiol

Ethinylestradiol (EE), synthetic estrogen first synthesized 1938 from estrone, estrogen component of combined oral contraceptives, patches, and rings; oral bioavailability 38–48%; VTE risk drives shift to estradiol and estetrol pills.

Ethisterone

Ethisterone (pregneninolone, 17α-ethynyltestosterone), C21H28O2, CAS 434-03-7: the first orally active progestin, synthesized by Inhoffen and Hohlweg at Schering in 1938, marketed as Proluton C; androgenic, superseded by norethisterone.

Ethmoid bone

Ethmoid bone (os ethmoidale), unpaired midline cranial bone between the orbits; forms upper nasal septum, nasal cavity roof, medial orbit wall; consists of cribriform plate, perpendicular plate, two labyrinths with ethmoid air cells.

Ethmoidectomy

Ethmoidectomy is a surgical procedure in otolaryngology that removes part or all of the ethmoid air cells, most often for chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps.

Oct 20, 2026

Ethopropazine

Ethopropazine (profenamine; Parsidol, Parsitan) is a phenothiazine-derived antimuscarinic drug for Parkinson's disease and drug-induced extrapyramidal symptoms; discontinued in the US, still marketed in Canada.

Ethylestrenol

Ethylestrenol (19-norpregna-4-en-17α-ol), brand Maxibolin, is a synthetic anabolic steroid and 19-nortestosterone prodrug metabolized to norethandrolone. FDA-approved in 1964, discontinued for humans; veterinary use only in Australia and New Zealand; WADA-prohibited.

Ethynodiol diacetate

Ethynodiol diacetate (CAS 62H10A1236) is a first-generation synthetic progestin oral contraceptive pro-drug of norethindrone, used at 1 mg with estrogen or 0.5 mg alone (Femulen), first marketed 1965 to 1966.

Etidocaine

Etidocaine (Duranest) is a long-acting amide local anesthetic, a lidocaine derivative similar to bupivacaine, with rapid onset, profound motor block, and 2-4 times lidocaine's potency; US-approved 1976, later discontinued.

Etifoxine

Etifoxine (Stresam) is a non-benzodiazepine, benzoxazine anxiolytic acting on GABA-A receptors and TSPO, authorized in France, Malta, Bulgaria, and Romania, restricted since 2022 for rare severe skin and liver toxicity.

Etimicin

Etimicin (依替米星, antibiotic 89-07, sulfate salt 硫酸依替米星) is a fourth-generation semisynthetic aminoglycoside antibiotic developed in China from gentamicin C1a, approved 1997 and launched 1999, with lower ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity than gentamicin or amikacin.

Etiology

Etiology, from Greek aitia (cause), is the cause or origin of disease and the medical science studying disease causes, spanning microbial, genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors and their pathogenesis.

Etirinotecan pegol

Etirinotecan pegol (NKTR-102, brand name Onzeald) is an investigational, long-acting PEGylated conjugate of the topoisomerase I inhibitor irinotecan, designed to release irinotecan slowly for sustained tumor exposure.

ETIS study

ETIS (Endovascular Treatment in Ischemic Stroke), NCT03776877, is a French prospective multicenter observational registry of thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke, reporting real-world outcomes, complications, and reperfusion strategy effects.

Etizolam

Etizolam is a thienodiazepine (thienotriazolodiazepine) CNS depressant acting at the GABA_A benzodiazepine site, 6-10 times more potent than diazepam. Approved in Italy, Japan, and India; UN Schedule IV since 2020; US Schedule I since 2023, permanent 2026.

Etodolac

Etodolac (Lodine) is a pyranocarboxylic acid NSAID approved in the US in 1991 for osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and acute pain, distinguished by modest COX-2 selectivity and a relatively favorable gastrointestinal tolerability profile.

Etofesalamide

Etofesalamide (乙氧苯柳胺, trade name Aidite) is a Chinese Category 1 non-steroidal topical anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic drug approved for chronic eczema and neurodermatitis, marketed as a 5% ointment by Shandong Xinhua Pharmaceutical since 1997.

Etomidate

Etomidate, also marketed as Hypnomidate, is an intravenous sedative-hypnotic drug introduced in 1972 to induce general anesthesia, valued for hemodynamic stability but limited by adrenal cortisol suppression.

Etoposide

Etoposide (VP-16), a semisynthetic podophyllotoxin derivative topoisomerase II inhibitor, treats small cell lung and testicular cancer; FDA approved 1983, causes DNA breaks, myelosuppression, and is given by slow IV infusion.

Etoricoxib

Etoricoxib (Arcoxia) is a selective COX-2 inhibitor NSAID approved in Europe for osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, acute gout, and acute pain; never FDA-approved, with ~20-hour half-life and diclofenac-comparable cardiovascular risk.