25,729 articles
Evinacumab
Evinacumab (Evkeeza), an ANGPTL3-inhibiting IgG4 monoclonal antibody by Regeneron, FDA-approved February 2021, lowers LDL-C via an LDL receptor-independent mechanism in homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia.
EVL trial
EVL trial (NCT06250803), Early stenting vs. Late stenting: multicenter single-blind randomized Chinese trial of 768 patients testing whether early pancreatic stent placement prevents post-ERCP pancreatitis better than late placement.
Evobrutinib
Evobrutinib (M2951) is Merck KGaA's oral, covalent BTK inhibitor for autoimmune disease; strong phase 2 MS results but phase 3 evolutionRMS failure versus teriflunomide and liver safety signals led to discontinued development.
Evocalcet
Evocalcet (KHK7580, MT-4580; brand Orkedia) is an oral calcimimetic, a calcium-sensing receptor positive allosteric modulator approved in Japan in 2018 for secondary hyperparathyroidism in hemodialysis patients, noninferior to cinacalcet with fewer gastrointestinal adverse events.
Evofosfamide
Evofosfamide (TH-302), a hypoxia-activated prodrug of bromo-isophosphoramide mustard developed by Threshold Pharmaceuticals and Merck KGaA; failed phase 3 trials in soft-tissue sarcoma (SARC021) and pancreatic cancer (MAESTRO).
Evogliptin
Evogliptin (Suganon, DA-1229), a Dong-A ST oral DPP-4 inhibitor for type 2 diabetes; first approved South Korea October 2015, 5 mg once daily, also approved with metformin in India.
Evoked potential monitoring
Evoked potential monitoring is an intraoperative neuromonitoring technique that records the nervous system's small electrical responses after stimulation, assessing neural pathway integrity during anesthesia, mainly via SSEPs, MEPs, BAEPs, and VEPs.
Evoked Potentials
Evoked potentials are nervous system electrical responses time-locked to visual, auditory, somatosensory, or motor stimuli, under a microvolt to several microvolts, extracted by averaging; used diagnostically, intraoperatively, and for prognosis.
Evoked response audiometry
Evoked response audiometry (ERA) is a diagnostic audiology method that estimates hearing thresholds from the brain's electrical responses to sound, used for patients unable to complete behavioral testing.
Evolution of color vision
Evolution of color vision: how opsin gene duplications and losses shaped animal color vision, from four-cone ancestral vertebrates through the nocturnal mammalian bottleneck to primate trichromacy regained about 35 million years ago.
Evolution trial
Evolution trial (WJOG11819L), a Japanese phase 2 single-arm study (NCT04153734) of pembrolizumab plus platinum chemotherapy without radiotherapy in 21 patients with unresectable stage III PD-L1-high NSCLC; 2-year PFS 67%, median OS 44.4 months.
EVOLVE-1 trial
EVOLVE-1 (Evaluation of LY2951742 in the Prevention of Episodic Migraine 1) was a 2016-2017 phase 3 trial of galcanezumab 120 mg and 240 mg vs placebo in 858 episodic migraine patients, reducing monthly migraine days by 4.7 and 4.6 vs 2.8.
EVOLVE-2 trial
The EVOLVE-2 trial was a Phase 3, placebo-controlled trial of galcanezumab for episodic migraine prevention that enrolled 922 patients across 11 countries from 2016 to 2017.
Ewing sarcoma of soft tissue
Ewing sarcoma of soft tissue, or extraosseous Ewing sarcoma, is a malignant small round cell sarcoma of soft tissue with EWSR1-ETS fusions, treated like bone Ewing sarcoma with VDC/IE chemotherapy plus surgery or radiation.
Ex utero Intrapartum Treatment Procedures
Ex utero intrapartum treatment (EXIT) procedures: fetal surgery during cesarean delivery while the baby remains on placental circulation, securing an airway, resecting masses, ECMO cannulation, or separating conjoined twins.
Ex vivo lung perfusion
Ex vivo lung perfusion (EVLP) is a transplantation technique that pumps donor lungs outside the body to test their function and recondition marginal lungs for transplant.
Ex-vacuo hydrocephalus
Ex-vacuo hydrocephalus (hydrocephalus ex vacuo, ICD-11 8D64.2) is ventricular enlargement from brain tissue loss, not raised CSF pressure; causes include stroke, injury, and atrophy, and it must be distinguished from treatable normal pressure hydrocephalus.
Exagamglogene autotemcel
Exagamglogene autotemcel (Casgevy, exa-cel) is Vertex Pharmaceuticals' CRISPR/Cas9-edited autologous stem cell gene therapy for sickle cell disease and beta-thalassemia, first authorized by the UK MHRA in November 2023.
Exametazime
Exametazime (HMPAO, hexamethylpropylene amine oxime) is a ketoxime chelator for technetium-99m, marketed as the Ceretec kit (US approval 1988), used for Tc-99m brain perfusion SPECT in stroke and for labeling autologous leukocytes to image infection.
Examination Tables
Examination tables, also called exam or clinical couches, are medical furniture for patient physical examinations. Key facts: FDA Class I device (21 CFR 878.4960), fixed-height models about 32 inches, MDE Standards requiring 17-inch low transfer height, and 2024 ADA Title II acquisition rules.
Examination under anesthesia
Examination under anesthesia (EUA) is a clinical examination performed while a patient is sedated, used when pain or muscle guarding prevents an adequate awake assessment.
EXAMINE trial
EXAMINE (Examination of Cardiovascular Outcomes with Alogliptin versus Standard of Care), NCT00968708, was Takeda's 5,380-patient noninferiority trial showing the DPP-4 inhibitor alogliptin did not increase cardiovascular events in type 2 diabetes after acute coronary syndrome.
Exanthem
Exanthem: a widespread skin rash accompanying systemic illness, usually viral; counterpart of enanthem. Includes the numbered childhood exanthems, with roseola infantum (HHV-6, sixth disease) as the classic example.
EXCEL trial (NCT01205776)
EXCEL (NCT01205776), Evaluation of XIENCE Versus CABG for Effectiveness of Left Main Revascularization: 1,905-patient randomized trial showing everolimus-eluting stent PCI noninferior to bypass surgery at 3 years for low/intermediate SYNTAX left main disease, later controversial over its MI definition.
Excessive attrition of teeth
Excessive attrition of teeth (ICD-11 DA08.10, ICD-10 K03.0) is pathological tooth wear from tooth-to-tooth contact, usually linked to bruxism, appearing as shiny matching wear facets and managed with splints and minimal intervention.
Excessive daytime sleepiness
Excessive daytime sleepiness, also called excessive daytime somnolence, is the inability to stay awake and alert during the day's main waking hours, most often caused by obstructive sleep apnea.
Excessive startle reflex
Excessive startle reflex (hyperekplexia, startle disease, ICD-11 8A07.2): exaggerated startle reactions to unexpected stimuli, mainly from glycine receptor defects (GLRA1), treated with clonazepam.
Excessive weight gain
Excessive weight gain, or abnormal weight gain, is an unhealthy rise in body mass from fluid, fat, or muscle, classified in ICD-11 as symptom code MG43.6.
Excessive weight gain in pregnancy
Excessive weight gain in pregnancy, or excessive gestational weight gain (GWG), is gain above IOM 2009 BMI-based ranges; it affects 20-40% of women in Europe and the US and raises risks of macrosomia, gestational diabetes, and cesarean delivery.
Excessive weight loss
Excessive weight loss, ICD-11 code MG43.5, also called unintentional or unexplained weight loss: loss of fluid, fat, or muscle mass great enough to risk health, typically 5% of body weight over 6-12 months, with causes including cancer, depression, and gastrointestinal disease.