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Exhalation
Exhalation (respiratory expiration): the act of breathing out. Passive at rest via lung elastic recoil; active via internal intercostals and abdominals during exercise; expiratory flow limitation causes dynamic hyperinflation in COPD.
Exhaustion due to exposure
Exhaustion due to exposure (ICD-11 NF07.2; ICD-10 T73.2) is a classification category for severe weakness and low resilience from extreme or prolonged environmental exposure, listed as an ill-defined condition not usable as underlying cause of death.
Exhibitionism
Exhibitionism: a paraphilia of sexual excitement from genital exposure to unsuspecting strangers; exhibitionistic disorder (DSM-5-TR, ICD-11 6D30) requires nonconsenting acts or distress for 6+ months; prevalence up to 8% in men; treated with SSRIs, antiandrogens.
Exifone
Exifone (Adlone, NSC 680919), a hexahydroxybenzophenone nootropic, antioxidant and HDAC1 activator trialed at 600-1200 mg/d for cognitive deficits in Parkinson's disease and cerebral senescence.
Existential therapy
Existential therapy, also known as existential psychotherapy, is a talk therapy rooted in European existential philosophy and developed after World War II by Viktor Frankl, Rollo May, and Irvin Yalom.
Exisulind
Exisulind (sulindac sulfone, Aptosyn, FGN-1) is the non-COX-inhibitory sulfone metabolite of sulindac; a cGMP PDE inhibitor that induces apoptosis, it reached phase 3 for colonic polyps but failed FDA approval in 2000 over hepatotoxicity.
EXOC6B-related spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia with joint laxity
EXOC6B-related spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia with joint laxity (SEMDJL3, OMIM 618395) is an ultra-rare autosomal recessive skeletal dysplasia from biallelic EXOC6B variants, causing congenital hip and knee dislocations, joint laxity, short stature, and impaired ciliogenesis.
Exocrine gland
An exocrine gland, known in Latin as glandula exocrina, releases substances such as sweat, tears, saliva, milk, and digestive juices through a duct onto a body surface.
Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency
Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI, PEI) is inadequate delivery of pancreatic digestive enzymes to the intestine, causing maldigestion. Main causes: chronic pancreatitis, cystic fibrosis, pancreatic cancer, surgery. Diagnosed by fecal elastase (<200 µg/g), treated with pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy.
Exon skipping
Exon skipping: antisense oligonucleotide therapy for Duchenne muscular dystrophy that masks a dystrophin pre-mRNA exon to restore the reading frame; FDA-approved drugs include eteplirsen (exon 51), golodirsen and viltolarsen (exon 53), and casimersen (exon 45).
Exophthalmos
Exophthalmos, also called proptosis, is the bulging of one or both eyes from the orbit, the bony socket. In adults it is most often caused by Graves disease.
Exoskeleton Device
Exoskeleton Device (MeSH, robotic exoskeleton): wearable external devices supporting the musculoskeletal system for gait, lifting, and rehabilitation; passive and active types with quantified occupational and clinical evidence.
Exosome therapy
Exosome therapy administers nanosized vesicles, usually from mesenchymal stromal cells, to deliver regenerative proteins and microRNAs to injured tissue; none is approved as of 2026.
Exosome-based drug delivery
Exosome-based drug delivery uses exosomes, nanosized vesicles secreted by most cells, as natural carriers of drugs and nucleic acids, with low toxicity and inherent targeting.
Exosome-mediated siRNA delivery
Exosome-mediated siRNA delivery uses exosomes, nano-sized vesicles cells naturally release, to deliver small interfering RNA into target cells, with advantages in biocompatibility, low toxicity, and crossing barriers like the brain.
Exostosis
An exostosis, also known as a bone spur, is a benign outgrowth of bone on its external surface, most commonly the cartilage-capped osteochondroma, the most common benign bone tumor.
Exostosis of external auditory canal
Exostosis of the external auditory canal, or surfer's ear, is a benign broad-based bony growth of the deep ear canal caused by repeated cold water and wind exposure, typically bilateral and common in surfers, treated surgically only when severe.
Exostosis of jaw
Exostosis of jaw (ICD-11 DA06.2), also called buccal exostosis, torus palatinus, or torus mandibularis: benign non-pathologic bony overgrowths of the maxilla or mandible, common, often bilateral, surgically removed only when function is affected.
Exostosis of orbit
Exostosis of orbit (眼窩外骨腫), ICD-11 9A24.4, is a benign bony outgrowth of the orbital walls, a bony deformity distinguished from orbital osteoma and other fibro-osseous lesions.
Exotropia
Exotropia, also called wall-eye, is an outward-turning eye misalignment (strabismus). Most common form is intermittent exotropia (75-90% of cases, ~1% prevalence); treated with patching, overminus lenses, or eye muscle surgery.
Expanded Activated Lymphocytes (EAL)
Expanded Activated Lymphocytes (EAL, 扩增活化的淋巴细胞, 爱可仑赛注射液) is Beijing Yongtai's autologous non-gene-modified CIK-type T-cell immunotherapy for preventing hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence after resection; CDE breakthrough therapy 2023, conditional marketing application accepted 2025.
Expanded carrier screening
Expanded carrier screening is a genetic test offered to prospective parents, ideally before conception, that detects carrier status for dozens to hundreds of recessive and X-linked conditions at once.
Expanded Disability Status Scale
The Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) is a clinical rating scale quantifying disability in multiple sclerosis, scoring from 0 to 10 in 0.5 steps.
Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program
Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program (EFNEP), USDA/NIFA nutrition education program begun 1969, run by 76 Land-Grant Universities for low-income families and youth, with peer educators, four core areas, and cost-benefit evidence.
Expansion of orbit
Expansion of orbit (ICD-11 9A24.1, 眼窩開大) is an increase in bony orbital cavity volume, seen pathologically in silent sinus syndrome and trauma causing enophthalmos, and induced surgically by orbital decompression or tissue expanders.
Expectant management
Expectant management, also known as watchful waiting or conservative management, is a clinical approach in which a condition is monitored without immediate treatment to see if it resolves naturally.
Expedited partner therapy
Expedited partner therapy (EPT) is the practice of treating the sex partners of patients with chlamydia or gonorrhea by giving the patient medication or prescriptions for the partners without examining them.
Experimental dermatology
Experimental Dermatology (Exp Dermatol, ISSN 1600-0625), Wiley journal founded 1992 in Denmark, official journal of the ADF; monthly, editor Akimichi Morita, 2025 impact factor about 3.1-3.4.
Experimental Implants
Experimental implants (MeSH: Implants, Experimental, D020007) are artificial substitutes for body parts inserted into organisms during experimental studies, spanning neural, spinal, and dental devices tested under FDA IDE rules, with post-trial maintenance and explantation as key ethical issues.
Expiratory muscle strength training
Expiratory muscle strength training (EMST) is a rehabilitation technique in which patients exhale against a handheld pressure device to strengthen cough, swallowing, and breathing muscles.