25,729 articles
Fibrosis-neurodegeneration-cerebral angiomatosis syndrome
FINCA syndrome (fibrosis, neurodegeneration, cerebral angiomatosis; OMIM 618278, ORPHA:621758) is a rare autosomal recessive NHLRC2-related infantile multisystem disorder with interstitial lung fibrosis, neurodevelopmental delay, seizures, recurrent infections, and macrocytic anemia.
FibroTest
FibroTest is a blood test combining five serum biomarkers, adjusted for age and sex, into a score estimating liver fibrosis stage, a noninvasive alternative to biopsy.
Fibrothorax
Fibrothorax, or pleural peel, is severe fibrosis fusing the visceral and parietal pleura, usually after empyema, hemothorax, or tuberculous pleuritis, causing restrictive lung disease and treated by decortication.
Fibrous dysplasia of bone
Fibrous dysplasia of bone (FD), also called fibrous dysplasia/McCune-Albright syndrome when syndromic, is a rare benign skeletal disorder from postzygotic GNAS mutations in which fibrous tissue replaces bone, causing pain, deformity, and fractures; monostotic in about 70% of cases.
Fibrous joint
Fibrous joint: a joint where bones are united by fibrous connective tissue with no joint cavity. Three types: skull sutures, tooth-socket gomphoses, and syndesmoses between parallel bones like the radius and ulna.
Fibula
The fibula, also called the calf bone, is the slim lateral bone of the lower leg. It bears no weight but stabilizes the ankle and forms the lateral malleolus.
Fibular aplasia-complex brachydactyly syndrome
Fibular aplasia-complex brachydactyly syndrome, or Du Pan syndrome (ORPHA:2639, OMIM 228900), is an autosomal recessive GDF5-related skeletal disorder with fibular aplasia and complex brachydactyly; fewer than 30 cases reported, no specific treatment.
Fibular hemimelia
Fibular hemimelia (congenital fibular deficiency, postaxial hypoplasia) is a congenital partial or complete absence of the fibula with tibial shortening, foot and ankle deformity, and leg length discrepancy; the most common long bone deficiency, treated by lengthening reconstruction or amputation.
Fick principle
The Fick principle states that an organ's blood flow equals its uptake of a substance divided by the difference in concentration between inflow and outflow blood.
Ficlatuzumab
Ficlatuzumab (AV-299, SCH 900105), AVEO's humanized anti-HGF IgG1 monoclonal antibody blocking HGF/c-Met signaling; combined with cetuximab for HPV-negative recurrent/metastatic head and neck cancer, now in the phase 3 FIERCE-HN trial.
Fidanacogene elaparvovec
Fidanacogene elaparvovec (Beqvez, fidanacogene elaparvovec-dzkt) is Pfizer's AAVRh74var gene therapy expressing FIX-Padua for moderate to severe hemophilia B; FDA-approved April 2024, EU authorization withdrawn May 2025.
Fidaxomicin
Fidaxomicin (Dificid, Dificlir), an 18-membered macrocyclic lactone antibiotic from Dactylosporangium aurantiacum, treats C. difficile infection by inhibiting RNA polymerase; FDA-approved 2011 (adults) and 2020 (children), preferred first-line over vancomycin since 2021 IDSA/SHEA guidelines.
FIDELIO-DKD trial
FIDELIO-DKD was a phase III, placebo-controlled trial sponsored by Bayer that found finerenone lowered the risks of chronic kidney disease progression and cardiovascular events in type 2 diabetes.
Fiducial Markers
Fiducial markers are small objects, often gold and about the size of a grain of rice, implanted in or near a tumor to guide precise radiation therapy.
Fields condition
Fields condition, or Fields' disease, is an extremely rare neuromuscular disease known only from Welsh twins Catherine and Kirstie Fields of Llanelli: progressive muscle degeneration, painful spasms, lost mobility and speech, no identified cause or cure.
FIGARO-DKD trial
FIGARO-DKD (NCT02545049), a phase III Bayer-funded trial of finerenone in 7,437 patients with type 2 diabetes and CKD, showed a 13% cardiovascular composite reduction (HR 0.87) and fed the FIDELITY pooled analysis.
Figitumumab
Figitumumab (CP-751,871), Pfizer's fully human IgG2 monoclonal antibody against IGF-1R; phase II NSCLC promise ended in phase III failure with no survival gain, increased deaths, and hyperglycemia; development discontinued.
FIGLU Test
FIGLU test, or formiminoglutamic acid test, a urine test measuring formiminoglutamic acid after an oral histidine load; elevated levels indicate folate or vitamin B12 deficiency or liver disease.
FIGO classification of uterine fibroids
The FIGO classification of uterine fibroids, introduced in 2011, assigns each fibroid a type from 0 to 8 by location, guiding symptom prediction and surgical approach.
Filarial lymphedema and elephantiasis
Filarial lymphedema is swelling of limbs, breasts, or genitals caused by filarial worms, beginning as reversible pitting edema and progressing over years to irreversible elephantiasis.
Filariasis due to Brugia malayi
Filariasis due to Brugia malayi, also called brugian filariasis, is lymphatic filariasis caused by the mosquito-borne nematode Brugia malayi, found mainly in India and Southeast Asia.
Filariasis due to Wuchereria bancrofti
Bancroftian filariasis, lymphatic filariasis due to Wuchereria bancrofti, a mosquito-borne nematode causing 90% of LF cases; lymphoedema, hydrocele, and a global MDA elimination program.
Filgotinib
Filgotinib (Jyseleca, GS-6034/GLPG0634) is an oral preferential JAK1 inhibitor approved in the EU, UK, and Japan for rheumatoid arthritis and ulcerative colitis, dosed once daily as 100 or 200 mg maleate tablets.
Filgrastim
Filgrastim (r-metHuG-CSF, Neupogen) is a recombinant, non-glycosylated 175-amino-acid human G-CSF made in E. coli, approved in the US in 1991 to treat neutropenia, mobilize stem cells, and treat radiation exposure; biosimilars include Zarxio.
Filibuvir
Filibuvir (PF-00868554), a Pfizer non-nucleoside inhibitor of the HCV NS5B polymerase binding the thumb 2 site, reached phase 2 for genotype 1 hepatitis C before development was discontinued in 2013.
Filippi syndrome
Filippi syndrome (OMIM 272440) is an extremely rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by CKAP2L variants, marked by microcephaly, syndactyly of fingers and toes, growth retardation, distinctive facies, and intellectual disability; fewer than 50 cases reported.
Filtering Surgery
Filtering surgery (glaucoma filtration surgery, trabeculectomy) creates a fistula draining aqueous humor to a subconjunctival bleb to lower IOP; developed from De Wecker's 1882 fistula to Cairns' 1968 guarded trabeculectomy, now alongside tube shunts and MIGS.
Fimasartan
Fimasartan (Kanarb, BR-A-657) is a Korean-developed angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker for hypertension, the ninth ARB approved, dosed 60-120 mg once daily, with 18.6% bioavailability and mainly biliary-fecal elimination.
Fimbrial agglutination
Fimbrial agglutination: in gynecology, adhesive bridges of fallopian tube fimbriae across the ostium (ICD-11 GA17.1), linked to infertility and endometriosis; in microbiology, fimbriae-mediated cell clumping.
Finafloxacin
Finafloxacin (Xtoro), a pH-activated fourth-generation fluoroquinolone otic suspension 0.3%, treats acute otitis externa; FDA approved December 17, 2014, later discontinued, now under Fonseca Biosciences.