Human health and medicine

FISiM-NGS-MDS study

FISiM-NGS-MDS (NCT04212390) is an Italian prospective observational study by the Fondazione Italiana Sindromi Mielodisplastiche enrolling about 882 adults with newly diagnosed MDS across roughly 70 centers, collecting longitudinal peripheral blood NGS data to validate dynamic IPSS-M risk assessment.

Fistula

Fistula: an abnormal tunnel-like connection between two body parts such as organs, skin, or blood vessels. Types include anal, arteriovenous, vesicovaginal, and tracheoesophageal; causes include injury, surgery, infection, and Crohn's disease.

Fistula of appendix

Fistula of appendix (ICD-11 DB11.4): an abnormal communication between the vermiform appendix and a hollow viscus, vessels, or skin. Rare, 301 reported cases; commonest sites bladder and skin; commonest cause appendicitis.

Fistula of duodenum

Fistula of duodenum (ICD-11 DA50.2), an abnormal communication between the duodenum and skin or another organ; 3–14% of enterocutaneous fistulas, usually postoperative, with 7–40% mortality.

Fistula of large intestine

A fistula of the large intestine is an abnormal tract connecting the colon to the skin, a neighboring organ, or another bowel segment, most often caused by diverticulitis.

Fistula of small intestine

A fistula of the small intestine is an abnormal connection between the small bowel and another surface, usually the skin, arising after surgery in 85 to 95% of cases.

Fistula repair

Fistula repair, also known as vesicovaginal fistula repair, is surgery closing an abnormal opening between a woman's urinary tract or rectum and vagina to restore continence.

Fistula risk score

The fistula risk score (FRS) predicts the risk of a clinically relevant postoperative pancreatic fistula after pancreatoduodenectomy, scoring pancreatic texture, pathology, duct diameter, and blood loss.

Fistulae involving female genital tract

Fistulae involving female genital tract (ICD-11 GC04.1) are abnormal passages between the genital tract and bladder, urethra, rectum, or skin. Mostly obstetric injuries from obstructed labour; 50,000-100,000 new cases yearly; surgical closure 80-95%.

Fistulectomy

Fistulectomy is a surgical operation for anal fistula in which the entire fistula tract is excised over a probe, rather than laid open as in fistulotomy.

Fistulotomy

Fistulotomy is a surgical procedure that cuts open a fistula tract along its full length so the wound drains and heals; it is the standard operation for simple anal fistulas.

FIT-ATOMIC trial

The FIT-ATOMIC trial is a multi-center randomized feasibility trial testing a 20-week home-based exercise program in people aged 11 to 25 with multiple sclerosis, sponsored by Toronto's SickKids hospital.

Fitbit

Fitbit, also known as Google Fitbit, is a line of wearable fitness trackers and smartwatches founded in San Francisco in 2007 and owned by Google since 2021.

Fitoterapia

Fitoterapia is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering medicinal plants and fungi and their bioactive natural products, published by Elsevier in Amsterdam since 1999, with continuous publication since 1947.

Fitusiran

Fitusiran (Qfitlia), an antithrombin-lowering siRNA by Sanofi/Alnylam, FDA-approved March 28, 2025 for bleeding prophylaxis in hemophilia A or B with or without inhibitors, dosed subcutaneously every two months.

Fitz-Hugh–Curtis syndrome

Fitz-Hugh–Curtis syndrome, or perihepatitis, is inflammation of the liver capsule from pelvic inflammatory disease, causing right upper quadrant pain and violin-string adhesions; mainly caused by Chlamydia trachomatis, affecting 4–14% of females with PID.

Five Tibetan Rites

Five Tibetan Rites, also called the Five Tibetans or Fountain of Youth: five dynamic yoga-like exercises, up to 21 repetitions each, published by Peter Kelder in The Eye of Revelation (1939); Tibetan origin disputed, evidence limited.

FIX-Chagas trial

FIX-Chagas (NCT05519046) is a randomized InCor Heart Institute trial in São Paulo comparing cardiac contractility modulation with CRT in 60 patients with Chagas cardiomyopathy, heart failure, and non-left bundle branch block.

Fixation (histology)

Fixation (histology): tissue preservation from autolysis, chiefly by formaldehyde/formalin crosslinking. Key facts: 10% neutral buffered formalin standard, 4% PFA, 6–48 h HER2 window, antigen retrieval, freezing alternative.

Fixed cutaneous sporotrichosis

Fixed cutaneous sporotrichosis (ICD-11 1F2J.1) is the localized, non-lymphatic form of Sporothrix skin infection, about 25% of cutaneous cases, treated with itraconazole 200 mg daily for 3-6 months.

Fixed drug eruption

Fixed drug eruption (FDE): a cutaneous adverse drug reaction recurring at the same skin site on re-exposure, caused by epidermal CD8+ memory T cells; severe variant GBFDE has 15.2% mortality.

Fixed Orthodontic Appliances

Fixed orthodontic appliances (braces) attach brackets to teeth with an arch wire to move teeth. From Fauchard's 1728 bandolet and Angle's Edgewise bracket to bonding, Ni-Ti wires, and self-ligating brackets.

Fixed subaortic stenosis

Fixed subaortic stenosis (subvalvular aortic stenosis, SAS): congenital fibromuscular or membranous obstruction of the left ventricular outflow tract below the aortic valve, usually presenting before age 10, treated by surgical resection with substantial recurrence risk.

FKRP-related limb-girdle muscular dystrophy R9

FKRP-related limb-girdle muscular dystrophy R9 (LGMDR9, formerly LGMD2I) is an autosomal recessive dystroglycanopathy from FKRP mutations impairing alpha-dystroglycan glycosylation, causing progressive proximal weakness, cardiomyopathy, and respiratory involvement; the c.826C>A founder mutation is common in Scandinavia and the UK.

FLACC scale

The FLACC scale, standing for Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, and Consolability, is an observational pain scale for infants and young children, scoring five behaviors from 0 to 10.

Flaccid hemiplegia

Flaccid hemiplegia (ICD-11 MB53.1, ICD-10-CM G81.0) is one-sided paralysis with limp, low-tone muscles, seen acutely after cortical or internal capsule lesions and sometimes permanent.

Flaccid paralysis

Flaccid paralysis, also called acute flaccid paralysis (AFP), is loss of muscle tone from lower motor neuron lesions, caused by Guillain-Barré syndrome, poliomyelitis, acute flaccid myelitis, transverse myelitis, botulism, or myopathies, and tracked by WHO polio surveillance.