25,729 articles
Al-Zahrawi
Al-Zahrawi (Albucasis, 936–1013), Andalusian surgeon of Córdoba, author of the 30-volume Kitab al-Tasrif; its illustrated 30th volume depicts over 200 surgical instruments and influenced European surgery for five centuries.
Alagille syndrome
Alagille syndrome (ALGS), also called arteriohepatic dysplasia, is a rare autosomal dominant genetic disorder, usually from JAG1 mutations, causing bile duct loss, heart defects, and distinctive facial features.
Alain Carpentier
Alain Carpentier, born 1933 in Toulouse, is a French cardiovascular surgeon who pioneered mitral valve repair, developed tissue heart valves, and invented the Carmat artificial heart.
Alalevonadifloxacin
Alalevonadifloxacin (WCK 2349, EMROK O) is an oral L-alanine ester prodrug of the benzoquinolizine fluoroquinolone levonadifloxacin, approved in India in 2019 for ABSSSI including diabetic foot infection, with ~89-90% bioavailability and anti-MRSA activity.
Alan Graham Apley
Alan Graham Apley (1914–1996) was a British orthopedic surgeon known for the Apley grind and scratch tests, for Apley's System of Orthopaedics and Fractures, and for the Pyrford FRCS course.
Alan H. DeCherney
Alan H. DeCherney, also known as Alan Hersh DeCherney, is an American reproductive endocrinologist at NIH who pioneered laparoscopic ectopic pregnancy surgery and edited Fertility and Sterility for 15 years.
Alan Reed Weil
Alan Reed Weil is an American health policy scholar and National Academy of Medicine member, editor-in-chief of Health Affairs and former executive director of NASHP.
Åland Islands eye disease
Åland Islands eye disease (AIED, Forsius-Eriksson syndrome) is a rare X-linked recessive retinal disorder caused by CACNA1F mutations, with fundus hypopigmentation, nystagmus, myopia, protan defect, and night blindness, but no optic nerve misrouting.
Alaryngeal Speech
Alaryngeal speech is speech without a larynx after total laryngectomy, using an electrolarynx, esophageal speech, or tracheoesophageal puncture (TEP) prosthesis; TEP is the gold standard, used by 61.5% of patients.
Alatrofloxacin
Alatrofloxacin (Trovan IV) is the intravenous alanyl-alanyl prodrug of the fluoroquinolone trovafloxacin, approved in 1997-1998 and withdrawn in 1999 after 152 serious hepatic events, including 9 deaths or liver transplants.
Alazami syndrome
Alazami syndrome (OMIM 615071), or microcephalic primordial dwarfism Alazami type, is an ultra-rare autosomal recessive LARP7-related disorder with severe growth restriction, intellectual disability, and distinctive facial features.
Albany Medical College
Albany Medical College (AMC), founded 1839 in Albany, New York, is one of the oldest private US medical schools, part of Albany Med Health System, with ~145-student MD classes, LCME accreditation, and BS/MD programs with RPI, Union, and Siena.
Albers-Schönberg osteopetrosis
Albers-Schönberg osteopetrosis (autosomal dominant osteopetrosis type II, ADOII, marble bone disease) is a CLCN7-related sclerosing bone disorder with sandwich vertebrae, fractures in 60-80% of carriers, prevalence up to 1:20,000, first described in 1904.
Albert Bourla
Albert Bourla, Greek-born veterinarian and Pfizer Chairman and CEO since January 2019, led development of the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine (EUA December 11, 2020), the Seagen and Metsera acquisitions, and the Accord for a Healthier World.
Albert Henry Freiberg
Albert Henry Freiberg (1868–1940) was an American orthopedic surgeon and first head of orthopedic surgery at the University of Cincinnati, known for describing Freiberg's infraction in 1914.
Albert Lasker Award for Basic Medical Research
The Albert Lasker Award for Basic Medical Research is an annual prize for a fundamental discovery opening a new area of biomedical science, first awarded in 1946.
Alberta Infant Motor Scale
The Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS) is a norm-referenced observational assessment of gross motor development in infants, used to identify motor delays and preterm risk.
Alberto Granado
Alberto Granado Jiménez (1922–2011), Argentine biochemist and Che Guevara's companion on the 1951–52 La Poderosa II motorcycle journey across South America; later a Cuban medical educator, genetics researcher, and author of Traveling with Che Guevara.
ALBI score
The ALBI score (Albumin-Bilirubin grade) is an objective measure of liver function in hepatocellular carcinoma that combines serum albumin and bilirubin into a single prognostic grade, replacing subjective Child-Pugh components.
Albiglutide
Albiglutide (Eperzan, Tanzeum) is a once-weekly GLP-1 receptor agonist, a GLP-1 dimer fused to albumin, for type 2 diabetes; approved 2014, shown superior to placebo for cardiovascular events, withdrawn commercially in 2018.
Albinism in humans
Albinism in humans: inherited conditions with reduced or absent melanin, causing hypopigmented hair, skin, and eyes plus vision problems; forms include OCA1-8, ocular albinism, and Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome.
Albinism-deafness syndrome
Albinism-deafness syndrome (albinism-hearing loss syndrome, ADFN, OMIM 300700) is an X-linked recessive rare disorder of congenital sensorineural deafness with piebaldness, no ocular albinism, mapped to Xq26.3-q27.1, distinct from Tietz syndrome.
Albumin–bilirubin score
The albumin–bilirubin (ALBI) score is an objective measure of liver function combining serum albumin and bilirubin, used to assess prognosis and guide treatment in chronic liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma.
Albumin, iodinated i 125 serum
Albumin, iodinated I 125 serum (125I-HSA, RISA-125, Jeanatope) is human serum albumin labeled with iodine-125, a diagnostic radiopharmaceutical (ATC V09GB02) for plasma and blood volume measurement, now largely replaced by 99mTc-albumin.
Albumin, iodinated i 131 serum
Albumin, iodinated i 131 serum (RISA, iodinated 131I human serum albumin, INN 2804) is a diagnostic radiopharmaceutical of human serum albumin labeled with iodine-131, used for blood and plasma volume, cardiac output, and blood-pool imaging; first commercial radiopharmaceutical (Abbott, 1950).
Albuminuria
Albuminuria: abnormally high urinary albumin excretion, formerly microalbuminuria/macroalbuminuria. Marker of glomerular or tubular kidney damage; UACR ≥30 mg/g defines CKD and predicts kidney and cardiovascular risk.
Albusomatropin
Albusomatropin (TV-1106, Albutropin) is an 88 kDa human serum albumin-human growth hormone fusion protein developed by Teva as a once-weekly growth hormone; development was discontinued in 2016 after neutralizing antibodies appeared in a pediatric phase 2 trial.
Albuvirtide
Albuvirtide (ABT, Aikening, FB006M) is a long-acting injectable HIV-1 fusion inhibitor peptide from Frontier Biotechnologies, albumin-binding via MPA, half-life 10-13 days, approved in China and Malaysia.
ALC-0315
ALC-0315 is a biodegradable synthetic ionizable cationic lipid that binds mRNA in the Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine's lipid nanoparticles, condensing it during manufacture and aiding its release inside cells.
Alcaftadine
Alcaftadine is a topical antihistamine and mast-cell stabilizer used as a 0.25% eye drop, sold as Lastacaft, approved in 2010 to prevent itching from allergic conjunctivitis.