25,729 articles
Fluorouracil
Fluorouracil (5-FU, 5-fluorouracil) is a fluorinated uracil antimetabolite chemotherapy drug discovered in 1957 by Charles Heidelberger, FDA-approved in 1962, and still the cornerstone of colorectal cancer treatment via thymidylate synthase inhibition.
Fluoxetine
Fluoxetine (Prozac) is the first marketed SSRI antidepressant, developed by Eli Lilly (Fuller, Wong, Molloy), FDA-approved December 1987 for depression, OCD, bulimia, and panic disorder, patent expired 2001.
Fluoxymesterone
Fluoxymesterone (Halotestin, FXM) is a synthetic 17-alpha-alkylated androgenic anabolic steroid, first FDA-approved in 1956 and now discontinued, used orally for male hypogonadism, delayed puberty, and palliative treatment of inoperable metastatic breast cancer.
Flupentixol
Flupentixol (flupenthixol), thioxanthene first-generation antipsychotic, ATC N05AF01, brands Depixol, Psytixol, Fluanxol; oral and decanoate depot forms for schizophrenia; D1/D2 blockade; 2-4 week depot action.
Fluphenazine
Fluphenazine is a high-potency typical antipsychotic of the phenothiazine class, used for psychosis in schizophrenia and available as oral tablets or a long-acting decanoate injection.
Flupirtine
Flupirtine, a triaminopyridine non-opioid analgesic and selective neuronal potassium channel opener (Kv7/GIRK activator), was used in Europe from 1984 for pain with muscle tension until EMA withdrew it in 2018 over liver injury.
Fluprednisolone
Fluprednisolone (6α-fluoroprednisolone, Alphadrol) is a synthetic fluorinated glucocorticoid, C21H27FO5, about 2.5 times as potent as prednisolone; FDA-approved 1982, now discontinued.
Flurandrenolide
Flurandrenolide (fludroxycortide, brand Cordran) is a synthetic fluorinated topical corticosteroid for corticosteroid-responsive dermatoses, available as 0.05% cream, ointment, lotion, and 4 mcg/cm2 tape; FDA-approved 1965.
Flurazepam
Flurazepam is a long-acting benzodiazepine used mainly as a hypnotic for insomnia. Introduced in the United States in 1970 under the brand name Dalmane, it rapidly supplanted barbiturates for treating insomnia.
Flurbiprofen
Flurbiprofen is a chiral nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug sold as a racemic mixture, used for arthritis and pain, as eye drops preventing miosis, and in lozenges for sore throat.
Flurpiridaz
Flurpiridaz (Flyrcado, flurpiridaz F 18, BMS-747158) is an FDA-approved (September 27, 2024) fluorine-18 PET myocardial perfusion radiotracer binding mitochondrial complex I, with 109-minute half-life and 94% extraction fraction, used to detect coronary artery disease.
Flushing (physiology)
Flushing, also called skin flushing or facial flushing, is a transient reddening of the skin, usually the face and neck, caused by increased blood flow and a feeling of warmth.
Flushing disorders
Flushing disorders: conditions of episodic skin reddening with warmth (hot flushes), classified in ICD-11 as EG02. Wet flushing suggests autonomic causes; dry flushing suggests drugs, carcinoid syndrome, or mast cell disease.
Fluspirilene
Fluspirilene, marketed as Imap and Redeptin, is a long-acting injectable antipsychotic of the diphenylbutylpiperidine class used to treat chronic schizophrenia, given weekly by intramuscular injection.
Flutafuranol
Flutafuranol, also called 18F-AZD4694 or 18F-NAV4694, is a fluorine-18 benzofuran PET radiotracer for brain beta-amyloid plaques, developed by AstraZeneca, with Kd 2.3 nM, low white matter binding, and near-identical imaging to 11C-PiB; used in research, not approved.
Flutamide
Flutamide (Eulexin) is a first-generation nonsteroidal antiandrogen, FDA approved in 1989 for prostate cancer. It competitively blocks the androgen receptor via its active metabolite 2-hydroxyflutamide, is used at 750 mg/day in combined androgen blockade, and carries a boxed warning for fatal hepatotoxicity.
Flutemetamol
Flutemetamol, sold as Vizamyl, is a radioactive diagnostic agent injected intravenously for brain PET imaging that estimates amyloid beta plaque density in adults with cognitive impairment.
Fluticasone furoate
Fluticasone furoate (FF) is a synthetic trifluorinated corticosteroid, a stable ester of fluticasone propionate, used once daily for asthma (Arnuity, Breo/Relvar Ellipta) and allergic rhinitis (Avamys), with very low systemic bioavailability.
Fluticasone propionate
Fluticasone propionate (FP, Flovent, Flonase, Cutivate, Xhance) is a trifluorinated androstane corticosteroid with 0.5 nmol/L glucocorticoid receptor affinity, used for asthma, rhinitis, sinusitis, and dermatoses; first US approval 1990, first Flovent generic 2026.
Flutrimazole
Flutrimazole (Micetal) is a topical imidazole antifungal, C22H16F2N2, ATC D01AC16, inhibiting lanosterol 14-alpha-demethylase; used as 1% cream, gel, powder, or solution against dermatophytes, Candida, and other fungi.
Fluvoxamine
Fluvoxamine (Luvox) is an SSRI antidepressant approved in the US in 1994 for obsessive-compulsive disorder and used for social anxiety disorder; a strong CYP1A2 inhibitor whose 2021 COVID-19 emergency use authorization request was declined by the FDA.
Fluzone
Fluzone (Influenza Virus Vaccine) is Sanofi's egg-based inactivated flu vaccine line, US-approved since 1980; standard dose 15 µg HA per strain for ages 6 months+, Fluzone High-Dose 60 µg for 65+.
Fluzoparib
Fluzoparib, renamed fuzuloparib (AiRuiYi, SHR-3162), is an oral PARP1/2 inhibitor by Jiangsu Hengrui, approved in China in 2020 for BRCA-mutated recurrent ovarian cancer and studied in breast cancer.
Flynn-Aird syndrome
Flynn-Aird syndrome (OMIM 136300, ORPHA:2047) is an ultra-rare autosomal dominant neuroectodermal disorder with childhood-onset deafness, retinitis pigmentosa, myopia, cataracts, dementia, ataxia, skin atrophy, and bone cysts, described in one family since 1965.
Foam sclerotherapy
Foam sclerotherapy is a treatment in which a sclerosant solution is whipped into foam and injected into incompetent veins, most often varicose veins, to close them.
Focal ablation
Focal ablation is an image-guided treatment that destroys a localized lesion, usually a tumor, by delivering heat, cold, radiation, ultrasound, or chemicals while leaving surrounding tissue intact.
Focal acral hyperkeratosis
Focal acral hyperkeratosis (FAH), also called punctate palmoplantar keratoderma type 3 without elastoidosis, is a rare autosomal dominant genodermatosis of keratotic papules on palmoplantar margins, distinguished from acrokeratoelastoidosis by absent elastorrhexis on biopsy.
Focal aware seizure
Focal aware seizure (ICD-11 8A68.3), formerly simple partial seizure: a focal onset epileptic seizure with retained awareness of self and environment; 2025 ILAE revision renames it focal seizure with consciousness preserved.
Focal brain contusion
Focal brain contusion (ICD-11 NA07.4C) is a localized bruise of cerebral cortex and subcortical white matter after head trauma; it progresses in 40–50% of cases within 24 hours and is monitored by CT and MRI.
Focal brain injury
Focal brain injury (ICD-11 NA07.4) is traumatic brain damage confined to one region, usually from a direct blow or penetration: contusions, lacerations, and extradural, subdural, or intracerebral hematomas, versus diffuse injury such as diffuse axonal injury.