Human health and medicine

Hysterectomy

Hysterectomy: surgical removal of the uterus, ending fertility and menstruation. Types include total, subtotal, and radical; routes are vaginal, abdominal, laparoscopic, robotic, and V-NOTES; fibroids are the leading indication.

Hysteropexy

Hysteropexy is a surgical procedure for uterine prolapse that suspends the uterus to ligaments or the sacrum, a uterus-sparing alternative to hysterectomy often chosen by women who want to keep the uterus.

Hysterosalpingography

Hysterosalpingography (HSG, uterosalpingography) is a fluoroscopic x-ray exam of the uterine cavity and fallopian tubes using injected contrast, mainly to assess tubal patency in infertility; distinguished from HyCoSy/HyFoSy ultrasound tests by its use of ionizing radiation.

Hysteroscopes

A hysteroscope is a thin, telescope-like instrument inserted through the vagina and cervix to view the inside of the uterus, diagnose abnormal bleeding, and remove polyps, fibroids, or adhesions.

Hysteroscopic myomectomy

Hysteroscopic myomectomy is a minimally invasive procedure that removes submucosal uterine fibroids through the cervix using a hysteroscope, relieving abnormal bleeding in 70 to 99% of cases.

Hysteroscopic resection

Hysteroscopic resection is a minimally invasive gynecological operation in which a hysteroscope views the uterine cavity and cuts away lesions such as polyps, submucosal fibroids, and uterine septa.

Hysteroscopy

Hysteroscopy (uterine endoscopy) examines the uterine cavity via a thin camera scope through the cervix, using CO2 or saline distension. First done by Pantaleoni in 1869; now largely office-based, diagnosing and treating polyps, fibroids, adhesions, and bleeding causes.

Hysterotomy

Hysterotomy is a surgical incision through the wall of the pregnant uterus, usually via the abdomen, to evacuate its contents, typically to end a pregnancy before fetal viability.

HYVITS trial

HYVITS trial: multicenter open-label RCT (NCT03380507) of hydrocortisone, vitamin C, and thiamine triple therapy in 106 Qatari ICU patients with septic shock; terminated early for funding, found no mortality or vasopressor benefit.

I-ACB trial

I-ACB trial (NCT07815730): Indian Asthma Care Bundle study by Ahmedabad University testing an India-specific post-discharge asthma care bundle against usual care in 260 adults, measuring readmission and ED visits at 30, 60, and 90 days.

I-PADUA trial

I-PADUA (NCT03449797) is a randomized multicenter trial from University Hospital Padova testing whether intra-procedural rapid cortisol assay guidance raises bilaterally selective adrenal vein sampling success in primary aldosteronism.

i-PROTECT trial

i-PROTECT (Integrated Proactive Wireless Monitoring for Clinical Deterioration) trial: a stepped-wedge cluster randomized trial at King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, testing continuous wireless ward monitoring (Masimo Root, WARD algorithm) on mortality and cardiopulmonary failure; NCT06644599, 13,160 patients, started 2026.

i-RECORd study

i-RECORd (International REgistry of COnservative or Radical Treatment of Localized Kidney Tumors, NCT05363657) is a prospective observational registry led by Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi comparing partial nephrectomy, radical nephrectomy, ablation, active surveillance, and watchful waiting across 50 centers and about 10,000 patients.

I. Lawrence Kerr

I. Lawrence Kerr was an American dentist who served as President of the American Dental Association and was elected to the National Academy of Medicine in 1985.

I'm OK – You're OK

I'm OK – You're OK (1969) is Thomas A. Harris's best-selling guide to Eric Berne's transactional analysis, presenting Parent-Adult-Child ego states and four life positions; it sold over 15 million copies and topped the New York Times non-fiction list in 1972.

IA trial

IA trial (NCT05358366), Infección de Amor (Love Infection): UNC-Chapel Hill randomized pilot of a four-episode, 10-minute online telenovela for HIV prevention among 58 Latinas in North Carolina; increased PrEP awareness, access, and self-efficacy.

IABP-SHOCK II trial

IABP-SHOCK II (Intraaortic Balloon Pump in Cardiogenic Shock II), NCT00491036: 600-patient German randomized trial showing intra-aortic balloon pumping did not reduce 30-day, 12-month, or 6-year mortality in infarct-related cardiogenic shock, downgrading routine IABP use in guidelines.

Ianalumab

Ianalumab (VAY736) is Novartis's fully human anti-BAFF-R IgG1 monoclonal antibody combining B-cell depletion via ADCC with BAFF-R blockade, developed for Sjögren's disease, ITP, SLE, and wAIHA; its NEPTUNUS Phase III trials were the first in Sjögren's to meet an ESSDAI endpoint.

Iatrogenesis

Iatrogenesis, from Greek iatros (physician), is harm caused by medical activity, also called medical nemesis in Illich's critique. Preventable patient harm affects about 6% of patients, led by drug, therapeutic, and surgical incidents.

Iatrogenic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease

Iatrogenic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (iCJD): CJD acquired via contaminated medical treatment, mainly cadaveric growth hormone and dura mater grafts; under 1% of CJD cases, incubation up to decades.

IATS trial

IATS (Infant Aphakia Treatment Study), NCT00212134, a 12-site US randomized trial of 114 infants comparing primary IOL implantation versus contact lens correction after unilateral congenital cataract surgery; equal visual acuity but more complications with IOLs.

Ibalizumab

Ibalizumab (Trogarzo, ibalizumab-uiyk) is a humanized IgG4 monoclonal antibody, a CD4-directed post-attachment HIV-1 inhibitor approved by FDA March 6, 2018 for multidrug-resistant HIV-1 in heavily treatment-experienced adults; dosed 2,000 mg then 800 mg IV every 2 weeks.

Iberdomide

Iberdomide, sold as Zenbexus, is an oral cereblon E3 ligase modulator developed by Bristol Myers Squibb and approved in 2026 for relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma.

IBERICAN study

IBERICAN (Identificación de la poBlación Española de RIesgo CArdiovascular y reNal) is a Spanish SEMERGEN prospective primary care cohort of 8,066 adults (2014–2018) tracking cardiovascular and renal risk, CKD, pulse pressure, and heart failure.

IBI3001, EGFR/B7-H3 bispecific antibody-drug conjugate

IBI3001 (IBI-3001) is Innovent Biologics' potentially first-in-class bispecific antibody-drug conjugate targeting B7-H3 (CD276) and EGFR, glycan-conjugated to exatecan at DAR 4, in a Phase 1 solid tumor trial (NCT06349408) with a Takeda ex-China license option.

IBI355 (SP001)

IBI355 (SP001) is Innovent Biologics' third-generation Fc-silent anti-CD40L monoclonal antibody for autoimmune disease, licensed to Spero Therapeutics in 2026 for about $1.1 billion, with Phase 2 trials planned in IgG4-RD and Sjögren's disease.

IBI363, PD-1/IL-2α-bias bispecific fusion protein

IBI363 (TAK-928), Innovent Biologics' first-in-class PD-1/IL-2 alpha-bias bispecific antibody fusion protein, blocks PD-1 and cis-activates IL-2 receptors on exhausted tumor-specific T cells; partnered with Takeda in a US$1.2 billion deal for global development outside Greater China.

Ibodutant

Ibodutant (MEN15596) is a Menarini nonpeptide tachykinin NK2 receptor antagonist investigated for diarrhea-predominant IBS; effective in women in phase II (IRIS-2) but failed phase III and was never licensed.

Ibogaine

Ibogaine, a psychoactive indole alkaloid from the African shrub Tabernanthe iboga (Bwiti sacrament), is an experimental anti-addiction drug that interrupts opioid withdrawal but causes QTc prolongation, arrhythmias, and deaths; it remains US Schedule I with no completed controlled trial.