25,729 articles
Jane W. Newburger
Jane W. Newburger is an American pediatric cardiologist, Commonwealth Professor of Pediatrics at Harvard Medical School and a leader at Boston Children's Hospital, known for Kawasaki disease trials.
Janine Austin Clayton
Janine Austin Clayton is an American ophthalmologist who has led the NIH Office of Research on Women's Health since 2012 and created its sex-as-a-biological-variable policy.
Jansen-de Vries syndrome
Jansen-de Vries syndrome (JDVS, IDDGIP), a rare autosomal dominant developmental disorder from de novo truncating PPM1D variants on 17q23.2, causing intellectual disability, cyclic vomiting, dysmorphism, and high pain threshold; distinct from Jansen's disease.
Janus kinase inhibitor
Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors, or jakinibs, are oral small-molecule drugs blocking JAK1, JAK2, JAK3, or TYK2 in the JAK-STAT pathway; tofacitinib (2012) was first, later baricitinib, upadacitinib, filgotinib, with boxed warnings for cardiovascular, cancer, and clot risks.
Japanese encephalitis (日本脳炎)
Japanese encephalitis (日本脳炎) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus disease of Asia and the western Pacific, spread mainly by Culex tritaeniorhynchus via pigs and birds, causing about 100,000 encephalitis cases yearly; vaccine-preventable, with no antiviral cure.
Japanese encephalitis vaccine live
SA14-14-2 is a single-dose live attenuated Japanese encephalitis vaccine derived from the SA14 strain, made by Chengdu Institute of Biological Products, WHO-prequalified in 2013, with over one billion doses used.
Jarisch–Herxheimer reaction
Jarisch–Herxheimer reaction (JHR), or Herxheimer reaction, an acute febrile inflammatory response within 24 hours of antibiotics for spirochetal infections such as syphilis, Lyme disease, and relapsing fever, mediated by cytokines, self-limited, and not a drug allergy.
Jason A. Burdick
Jason A. Burdick is a bioengineer and Bowman Endowed Professor at the University of Colorado Boulder, known for injectable and granular hydrogels and light-based bioprinting for tissue repair.
Jatamansyarka
Jaṭāmāmsyārka (Jatamamsyarka) is an Ayurvedic arka distillate of Nardostachys jatamansi rhizome, AFI formulation 2:3 from Arkaprakāśa, dosed 12-24 ml for indigestion, appetite loss, halitosis, mania, and epilepsy.
Jatiphaladya curna
Jatiphaladya curna (Jatiphaladi Churna) is an official Ayurvedic powder formulation led by nutmeg, with 22 ingredients including purified cannabis leaf and cane sugar, used for diarrhea, dysentery, malabsorption, cough, and asthma; dose 1-5 g.
Jatyadi ghrta
Jatyadi ghrta (Jātyādi Ghṛta, vraṇa śodhanādi ghṛta) is an Ayurvedic medicated ghee, AFI Part-I 6:11, for external wound and ulcer use; 13 herbs plus bee's wax, copper sulphate, and cow's ghee.
Jatyadi Taila
Jatyadi Taila (जात्यादि तैल), also Jatyadi Tailam, is a classical Ayurvedic sesame-based medicated oil from the Ayurvedic Formulary of India, applied externally to wounds (vrana) and ulcers, with rat and small clinical studies supporting wound healing.
Jaundice
Jaundice, also known as hyperbilirubinemia, is a yellow discoloration of the skin and eyes caused by excess blood bilirubin, often signaling liver or bile duct disease.
Jaw Relation Record
A jaw relation record is a prosthodontic registration of how the upper and lower dental arches relate, used to mount casts on a dental articulator.
Jaw-thrust maneuver
The jaw-thrust maneuver is a manual airway technique that lifts the jaw forward to open an unconscious patient's airway without head tilt, preferred when cervical spine injury is suspected.
Jawad syndrome
Jawad syndrome (JWDS, OMIM 251255, ORPHA313795), also called Kelly syndrome, is an ultra-rare autosomal recessive RBBP8 (CtIP) disorder with congenital microcephaly, non-progressive intellectual disability, digital malformations, and absent nails.
Jay Lemery
Jay Lemery is an American emergency medicine physician and wilderness medicine specialist at the University of Colorado School of Medicine, elected to the National Academy of Medicine in 2021.
Jealous delusion
Jealous delusion, also called morbid jealousy, delusional jealousy, or Othello syndrome, is the fixed belief that one's partner is unfaithful; classified in ICD-11 as MB26.06 and as a DSM-5 delusional disorder subtype.
Jean Bennett
Jean Bennett, American physician-scientist at the University of Pennsylvania, co-developed Luxturna (voretigene neparvovec), the first FDA-approved gene therapy for an inherited disease, treating RPE65-linked blindness.
Jean Tatlock
Jean Tatlock, also known as Jean Frances Tatlock, was an American psychiatrist and Communist Party member, known for her intense 1930s relationship with physicist J. Robert Oppenheimer.
Jeanna Giese
Jeanna Giese-Frassetto, Wisconsin teenager who in 2004 became the first person to survive clinical rabies without vaccination, treated with the experimental Milwaukee protocol (induced coma, ketamine, ribavirin, amantadine); protocol later judged ineffective.
Jeanne Calment
Jeanne Louise Calment (1875–1997), Frenchwoman from Arles, holds the verified human longevity record at 122 years 164 days; validated by Robine and Allard, contested by a 2018 identity-switch theory, upheld in 2019 and 2023.
Jeanne M. Rosario
Jeanne M. Rosario is an American aerospace engineer who led GE Aviation's Engineering Division as Vice President and General Manager and was elected to the National Academy of Engineering in 2021.
JEEV
JEEV is a Vero-cell-derived, purified inactivated Japanese encephalitis vaccine using the SA 14-14-2 strain, manufactured by Biological E. Limited of Hyderabad, India, licensed in 2011 and WHO-prequalified in 2013.
Jeffrey Kahn
Jeffrey Kahn is an American bioethicist who has directed the Johns Hopkins Berman Institute of Bioethics since 2016 and is an elected member of the National Academy of Medicine.
Jeffrey R. Balser
Jeffrey R. Balser is an American physician-scientist who served as President and CEO of Vanderbilt University Medical Center and dean of its School of Medicine, elected to the National Academy of Medicine in 2008.
Jejunal feeding
Jejunal feeding is enteral nutrition delivered through a tube whose tip lies in the jejunum, used when gastric feeding is not tolerated or complicated by severe reflux.
Jejungwon
Jejungwon (제중원) was Korea's first Western-style hospital, opened in Seoul in 1885 with the missionary physician Horace Newton Allen as its head and later developing into Severance Hospital of Yonsei University.
Jejunoileal Bypass
Jejunoileal bypass (JIB), also called jejuno-ileal or ileojejunal bypass, was the first bariatric operation (1954), joining proximal jejunum to distal ileum; abandoned by 1980 for renal failure, liver failure, and malnutrition.
Jejunostomy
A jejunostomy is a surgically or endoscopically created opening from the abdominal wall into the jejunum, used for long-term enteral feeding when the stomach cannot be used.