25,729 articles
Mal de Meleda
Mal de Meleda (Meleda disease, keratosis palmoplantaris transgrediens of Siemens, MIM 248300) is a rare autosomal recessive palmoplantar keratoderma from Mljet, Croatia, caused by SLURP1 mutations, with transgrediens glove-and-stocking hyperkeratosis treated with acitretin.
Malabsorption
Malabsorption, also called malabsorption syndrome, is impaired assimilation of dietary nutrients due to defects in digestion, absorption, or transport, causing diarrhea, weight loss, and nutritional deficiencies.
Malakoplakia
Malakoplakia: rare chronic granulomatous inflammatory disease with soft organ plaques, caused by defective macrophage bacterial digestion; hallmark Michaelis-Gutmann bodies; urinary tract affected in 60-80% of cases.
Malan overgrowth syndrome
Malan overgrowth syndrome (Malan syndrome, formerly Sotos syndrome 2), a rare autosomal dominant overgrowth disorder from NFIX haploinsufficiency at 19p13.2, causing macrocephaly, postnatal overgrowth, intellectual disability, and anxiety.
Malar rash
Malar rash (butterfly rash): erythematous facial eruption over cheeks and nasal bridge sparing nasolabial folds; classically acute cutaneous lupus of SLE, with mimics including rosacea, dermatomyositis, erysipelas, and drug photosensitivity.
Malaria
Malaria, also known as paludism, is a mosquito-borne disease caused by Plasmodium parasites transmitted by female Anopheles mosquitoes; 282 million cases and 610,000 deaths in 2024, treated with ACTs and prevented by nets, chemoprevention, and RTS,S and R21 vaccines.
Malaria due to Plasmodium falciparum
Malaria due to Plasmodium falciparum (falciparum malaria, ICD-11 1F40), the deadliest human malaria, transmitted by Anopheles mosquitoes; ACT-treated, can turn severe within 24 hours, with HRP2-deletion diagnostic challenges.
Malaria due to Plasmodium malariae
Malaria due to Plasmodium malariae, or quartan malaria, a chronic low-grade human malaria with a 72-hour parasite cycle; neglected, worldwide, pooled prevalence 2.01%, treated with chloroquine, complicated by nephrotic syndrome.
Malaria due to Plasmodium ovale
Malaria due to Plasmodium ovale (ICD-11 1F43): a relapsing, usually mild human malaria from P. ovale curtisi or P. ovale wallikeri, hypnozoite-forming, treated with chloroquine plus primaquine or tafenoquine after G6PD testing.
Malaria therapy
Malaria therapy, or malariotherapy, was a treatment in which patients were deliberately infected with malaria so fevers would act against neurosyphilis, used from 1917 to about 1950.
Malaria vaccine
A malaria vaccine protects against malaria, a mosquito-borne parasitic disease; the two in use, RTS,S and R21/Matrix-M, are WHO-recommended for children and roll out across 25 African countries.
Malassezia folliculitis
Malassezia folliculitis, also called pityrosporum folliculitis or fungal acne, is an itchy follicular eruption on the upper trunk caused by Malassezia yeasts and frequently misdiagnosed as acne vulgaris.
Male contraceptive
Male contraceptive: methods men use to prevent pregnancy, currently abstinence, withdrawal, condoms (13% typical failure), and vasectomy (0.15%); no new male agent approved in the 20th century, with hormonal gels, DMAU, and YCT-529 in trials.
Male Contraceptive Devices
Male contraceptive devices: condoms and vasectomy are the only approved male methods (failure rates 13 and 0.15 per 100 women-years in typical use); hormonal gels, DMAU, and reversible vas-occlusion devices are in clinical trials, with WHO target product profiles issued in 2026.
Male Homosexuality
Male homosexuality: enduring sexual and romantic attraction between men, also called gay orientation; distinct from MSM behavior. Covers biology (birth order, genetics), DSM/ICD depathologization, HIV burden, and global decriminalization.
Male infertility
Male infertility: a male factor in a couple's failure to conceive within 12 months of unprotected intercourse. Evaluated by semen analysis and hormonal and genetic testing; treated with surgery, IUI, IVF, and ICSI (first births 1992).
Male pattern hair loss
Male pattern hair loss, or male androgenetic alopecia, is progressive non-scarring scalp hair loss driven by DHT and follicular miniaturization, graded on the seven-stage Hamilton-Norwood scale, affecting most men with age, treated with minoxidil, finasteride, dutasteride, or transplantation.
Male reproductive system
Male reproductive system: organs producing sperm and testosterone, including testes, epididymis, vas deferens, prostate, and penis; ~64-day spermatogenesis cycle, 100-300 million sperm daily, hormonal HPG-axis control.
Male Urologic Surgical Procedures
Male urologic surgical procedures (MeSH D013521): surgery on the male genitalia, covering prostatectomy, vasectomy, circumcision, orchiectomy, orchiopexy, and penile implantation, plus endoscopic, robotic, and reconstructive techniques.
Malignancy
Malignancy, also called cancer or malignant neoplasm, is disease in which abnormal cells divide without control, invade nearby tissue, and metastasize through blood and lymph; main types include carcinoma, sarcoma, leukemia, lymphoma, myeloma, and CNS cancers.
Malignancy diagnosed during pregnancy
Malignancy diagnosed during pregnancy, also called pregnancy-associated cancer when including the first postpartum year, occurs in about 1 in 1000 pregnancies, most often breast, cervical, hematologic, or melanoma, and raises risks of thrombosis, preterm birth, and maternal death.
Malignant cachexia
Malignant cachexia, also known as cancer anorexia-cachexia syndrome, is a wasting condition in advanced cancer, especially pancreatic and lung cancer, driving an estimated 22% to 30% of cancer deaths.
Malignant granulosa cell tumor of the ovary
Malignant granulosa cell tumor of the ovary (granulosa cell cancer, AGCT): rare estrogen-secreting sex cord stromal ovarian tumor, 2-5% of ovarian cancers, FOXL2 C134W mutation in ~95%, late recurrence, treated surgically.
Malignant hypertension
Malignant hypertension is a severe hypertensive emergency, typically with diastolic pressure of at least 120 mmHg, in which extreme blood pressure causes acute microvascular damage to the retina, kidneys, and brain.
Malignant hyperthermia
Malignant hyperthermia of anesthesia (MH, malignant hyperpyrexia) is a hereditary skeletal muscle disorder triggered by volatile anesthetics and succinylcholine, causing uncontrolled calcium release, hypermetabolism, and a crisis treated with dantrolene.
Malignant melanoma of the mucosa
Malignant melanoma of the mucosa (mucosal melanoma) is a rare, aggressive melanocyte tumor of mucous membranes, mainly head and neck, anorectal, and vulvovaginal sites, UV-independent, KIT-rich, with about 25% five-year survival.
Malignant mixed Müllerian tumor of the ovary
Malignant mixed Müllerian tumor of the ovary, also called ovarian carcinosarcoma or MMMT, is a rare biphasic ovarian cancer (1–4% of cases) mixing carcinomatous and sarcomatous cells, treated with cytoreductive surgery plus platinum chemotherapy, with poor prognosis.
Malignant narcissism
Malignant narcissism, coined by Erich Fromm (1964) and developed by Otto Kernberg (1984), is a non-DSM theoretical construct combining narcissistic personality disorder with antisocial behavior, ego-syntonic sadism, and paranoia, placed between NPD and psychopathy on a severity continuum.
Malignant neoplasm of choroid
Malignant neoplasm of choroid (ICD-11 2D05): primary choroidal melanoma or, more commonly in adults, choroidal metastasis from breast or lung cancer; treated mainly with radiotherapy and systemic therapy.
Malignant neoplasm of conjunctiva
Malignant neoplasm of conjunctiva (ICD-10 C69.0, ICD-11 2D00): cancer of the eye's conjunctival membrane, mainly squamous cell carcinoma and melanoma, caused by UV, HIV, and HPV, treated with excision, topical chemotherapy, and proton radiotherapy.