25,729 articles
Melanoma of skin
Melanoma of skin, or cutaneous melanoma, is a malignant tumor of pigment-producing melanocytes that causes most skin cancer deaths despite being about 1% of skin cancers.
Melanoma of soft tissue
Melanoma of soft tissue, or clear cell sarcoma (CCS), a rare melanocytic soft tissue sarcoma of tendons in young adults, defined by EWSR1-ATF1 fusion t(12;22), BRAF-negative, treated by wide resection.
Melanoma of vagina
Melanoma of the vagina (primary vaginal melanoma, ICD-11 2C71.1) is a rare mucosal melanoma of postmenopausal women, about 500 reported cases, NRAS-enriched with low KIT/BRAF, 5-year survival 5–25%, median disease-specific survival 19 months.
Melanoma of vulva
Melanoma of vulva (ICD-11 2C70.1) is a rare melanoma of vulvar pigment cells, about 1% of female melanomas, median age 68, KIT mutations, treated by wide local excision with sentinel node biopsy, 5-year survival about 50%.
Melanonychia
Melanonychia is brown or black discoloration of a fingernail or toenail, most often a vertical band (longitudinal melanonychia) caused by melanin deposited from the nail matrix.
Melanotan II
Melanotan II (MT-2, MT2) is a cyclic heptapeptide analogue of alpha-MSH, a non-selective melanocortin receptor agonist studied for tanning and erectile dysfunction, never approved as a drug and sold illegally as a tanning injection.
Melarsoprol
Melarsoprol is a toxic arsenic-based drug, introduced in 1949, that treats the late stage of African sleeping sickness by injection, causing encephalopathy in 5 to 10% of patients.
Melasma
Melasma, also called chloasma or mask of pregnancy, is a common acquired facial hyperpigmentation disorder driven by UV and visible light, hormones, and genetics, treated with photoprotection, triple-combination cream, and tranexamic acid.
Meldonium
Meldonium (Mildronate, MET-88) is a Latvian-developed anti-ischemic drug that lowers carnitine by inhibiting gamma-butyrobetaine hydroxylase; sold in Eastern Europe, WADA-prohibited since 2016, with unproven ergogenic effects.
Melena
Melena is black, tarry, foul-smelling stool from gastrointestinal bleeding, usually upper GI (stomach, duodenum); hematin from digested blood colors it, over 100 mL blood makes one stool, and iron or bismuth can mimic it.
Melioidosis
Melioidosis (Whitmore's disease), infection by Burkholderia pseudomallei from soil and water, first described in Rangoon 1911; endemic in Southeast Asia and northern Australia, with about 165,000 cases and 89,000 deaths yearly.
Melitracen
Melitracen, a tricyclic antidepressant (C21H25N, ATC N06AA14) with anxiolytic properties, used for depression and best known in the flupentixol-melitracen combination Deanxit, studied in functional dyspepsia and refractory GERD.
Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome
Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome, a rare orofacial granulomatosis (Miescher-Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome), defined by orofacial edema, recurrent facial palsy, and fissured tongue; corticosteroid-responsive, autosomal dominant, ICD-10 G51.2.
Mellified man
Mellified man, or human mummy confection: a legendary medicine of a corpse steeped in honey for 100 years, reported by Li Shizhen's 1596 Bencao Gangmu as an Arabian practice; hearsay, with no archaeological proof.
Melnick-Needles syndrome
Melnick-Needles syndrome (MNS, osteodysplasty, OMIM 309350) is a rare X-linked dominant skeletal dysplasia from FLNA gain-of-function variants, mainly exon 22; severe in males, lethal perinatally, under 100 reported cases.
MELO-REHAB trial
MELO-REHAB (NCT07521150) is a Yeditepe University single-case interventional study testing an 8-week structured physiotherapy exercise program for pain, strength, balance, and quality of life in melorheostosis.
Melogliptin
Melogliptin (GRC 8200), an oral DPP-IV inhibitor developed by Glenmark Pharmaceuticals for type 2 diabetes, out-licensed to Merck KGaA in 2006 for US$31 million, returned in 2008, and discontinued in Phase 2 in 2011.
Melorheostosis
Melorheostosis (Leri's disease, candle wax disease): rare sclerosing bone dysplasia, usually one limb, with flowing hyperostosis on x-ray; caused by somatic MAP2K1 mutations in about half of cases; not inherited.
Melorheostosis with osteopoikilosis
Melorheostosis with osteopoikilosis (mixed sclerosing bone dysplasia, ORPHA:1879, OMIM 166700) is an ultra-rare autosomal dominant bone dysplasia combining dripping candle wax hyperostosis with osteopoikilosis, linked to LEMD3 and somatic MAP2K1 mutations.
Meloxicam
Meloxicam, sold as Mobic and Metacam, is a long-acting oxicam NSAID that preferentially inhibits COX-2, used for arthritis in humans and for pain in dogs, cats, and horses.
Melperone
Melperone (Bunil, FG 5111) is a butyrophenone atypical antipsychotic related to haloperidol, ATC N05AD03, used over 30 years in the EU for schizophrenia, agitation, and elderly confusion, and studied for Parkinson's disease psychosis.
Melphalan
Melphalan, also known as L-phenylalanine mustard and sold as Alkeran, is a nitrogen mustard alkylating agent used mainly to treat multiple myeloma, first synthesized in 1953.
Melphalan flufenamide
Melphalan flufenamide (melflufen; Pepaxto/Pepaxti) is an alkylating peptide-drug conjugate by Oncopeptides for relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma; FDA-approved 2021, withdrawn 2024, EU-authorized as Pepaxti since 2022.
MELPRO trial
MELPRO (NCT03806816), Use of Melatonin for Neuroprotection in Asphyxiated Newborns, an Italian randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial of melatonin with therapeutic hypothermia in 100 neonates with moderate to moderately severe HIE.
Memantine
Memantine (Namenda, Ebixa, Axura) is a moderate-affinity uncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist, first FDA-approved in 2003 for moderate-to-severe Alzheimer's disease; small symptomatic benefit, no benefit in mild AD, generic since 2015.
Membrane Oxygenators
Membrane oxygenators are blood-gas exchangers that oxygenate blood across a gas-permeable membrane without direct blood-gas contact, core components of ECMO and cardiopulmonary bypass, evolving from 1950s silicone sheets to microporous polypropylene and modern PMP hollow fibers.
Membrane potential
Membrane potential (Vmem, transmembrane voltage) is the inside-minus-outside voltage across a cell membrane, set mainly by K+ permeability and ion gradients, described by Nernst and Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz equations, measured by patch clamp and voltage imaging.
Memorial Medical Center
Memorial Medical Center, renamed Springfield Memorial Hospital in 2021, is a 500-bed nonprofit teaching hospital in Springfield, Illinois, founded in 1897 as Springfield Hospital and Training School and flagship of Memorial Health.
Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSK), founded 1884 as New York Cancer Hospital, is a New York City nonprofit cancer hospital and research center with the Sloan Kettering Institute, 900+ clinical trials, and top-two U.S. News cancer rankings since 1990.
Memory clinic
Memory clinic: specialist multidisciplinary outpatient service (memory assessment service) assessing and diagnosing dementia and MCI; began in the 1980s, expanded by the UK 2009 dementia strategy, now adopting blood biomarkers.