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MITO 26 trial
MITO 26 (NCT02993705) is a phase II Italian trial of trabectedin in advanced ovarian or uterine carcinosarcoma; 45 patients, ORR 11.9% below the 18.6% threshold, median PFS 2.01 months.
MITO25 trial
MITO25 (NCT03462212, MITO 25.1) is an Italian open-label phase 1-2 randomized trial testing rucaparib with or without bevacizumab as first-line maintenance in advanced high-grade ovarian cancer, assigned by HRD status, with PFS as the primary endpoint.
MITO29 trial
MITO29 (NCT03467178, EudraCT 2017-004099-71) is a randomized phase II trial of decitabine plus carboplatin versus physician's choice chemotherapy in recurrent, platinum-resistant ovarian cancer, sponsored by Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, with 119 planned participants and progression-free survival as the primary endpoint.
Mitochondrial membrane protein-associated neurodegeneration
MPAN (NBIA4) is an ultra-rare autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder caused by C19orf12 mutations, with brain iron accumulation, spasticity, dystonia, cognitive decline, and optic atrophy, onset usually in childhood.
Mitochondrial myopathy with reversible cytochrome C oxidase deficiency
Mitochondrial myopathy with reversible cytochrome C oxidase deficiency, also called benign COX deficiency or reversible infantile respiratory chain deficiency (RIRCD), is a rare maternally inherited mitochondrial myopathy caused mainly by the homoplasmic MT-TE m.14674T>C mutation, causing severe infantile hypotonia and lactic acidosis with spontaneous recovery by age 2 to 3 years.
Mitochondrial pyruvate carrier deficiency
Mitochondrial pyruvate carrier deficiency (MPYCD, OMIM 614741) is a rare autosomal recessive MPC1-related disorder causing neonatal lactic acidosis, elevated pyruvate with normal lactate/pyruvate ratio, encephalopathy, and developmental delay.
Mitochondrial replacement therapy
Mitochondrial replacement therapy is an IVF technique that replaces defective mitochondria in a mother's egg with donor mitochondria, preventing inherited mitochondrial disease; only the UK practices it.
Mitochondrial short-chain enoyl-CoA hydratase 1 deficiency
Mitochondrial short-chain enoyl-CoA hydratase 1 deficiency (ECHS1D, Crotonase deficiency): rare autosomal recessive ECHS1 disorder of valine catabolism causing neonatal or infantile encephalopathy, dystonia, basal ganglia lesions, and lactic acidosis; neonatal onset predicts mortality.
Mitochondrial transplantation
Mitochondrial transplantation is an experimental regenerative therapy that delivers intact mitochondria into damaged cells or organs to restore energy metabolism, first applied in pediatric heart failure patients in 2017.
Mitoguazone
Mitoguazone, also known as methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) or MGBG, is an experimental anticancer drug that inhibits polyamine synthesis and has reached phase 3 trials but is not FDA approved.
Mitolactol
Mitolactol (dibromodulcitol, DBD, NSC-104800, brands Elobromol and Mitolac) is a synthetic hexitol-derived alkylating antineoplastic that inhibits DNA synthesis via epoxide groups; studied in breast, cervical cancer, and melanoma, with myelosuppression and leukemogenesis as key risks.
Mitomycin C
Mitomycin C (MMC, NSC 26980) is an antitumor antibiotic activated by quinone reduction into a DNA-cross-linking bis-electrophile; FDA-approved 1974 for cancers and widely used off-label as an antiscarring agent in glaucoma trabeculectomy surgery.
MITOR trial
MITOR trial (NCT04999696), Minimally Invasive Therapy Versus Open Radical Hysterectomy, a Chang Gung Memorial Hospital randomized trial of 820 women with early-stage cervical cancer comparing laparoscopic and abdominal radical hysterectomy on disease-free and overall survival, proposed by APAGE after the LACC trial.
Mitotane
Mitotane (o,p′-DDD), sold as Lysodren, is an adrenolytic drug related to the insecticide DDT, approved in 1970 and still the only FDA- and EMA-approved drug for adrenocortical carcinoma.
Mitotic Index
The mitotic index (MI) is the ratio of cells undergoing mitosis to total cells in a population, reported as a percentage and used as a prognostic marker in tumor grading.
MitraClip
MitraClip (Abbott) is a transcatheter edge-to-edge repair clip for mitral regurgitation, FDA-approved 2013 for primary MR and 2019 for secondary MR; COAPT showed benefit, MITRA-FR did not.
Mitral cell
Mitral cell: principal excitatory projection neuron of the vertebrate olfactory bulb, named for its miter-shaped soma. One primary dendrite reaches a single glomerulus; axons form the lateral olfactory tract to olfactory cortex.
Mitral regurgitation
Mitral regurgitation (mitral valve regurgitation, mitral insufficiency) is backward leakage of blood through the mitral valve during left ventricular contraction, causing atrial enlargement, atrial fibrillation, and pulmonary hypertension; treated with monitoring, diuretics, anticoagulants, surgical repair or replacement, and TEER clip.
Mitral stenosis
Mitral stenosis, narrowing of the mitral valve orifice, usually rheumatic; normal area 4-6 cm2, severe under 1.0 cm2; treated with balloon commissurotomy or surgery.
Mitral valve
Mitral valve (left atrioventricular valve): the two-leaflet heart valve between left atrium and left ventricle; disorders include prolapse, regurgitation, and stenosis; treated by repair, replacement, or TEER.
Mitral valve annuloplasty
Mitral valve annuloplasty: suturing a prosthetic ring or band around the mitral annulus during valve repair. Introduced by Carpentier in 1968; rigid, flexible, and semirigid rings exist, with no proven outcome difference between types.
Mitral valve prolapse
Mitral valve prolapse (Barlow syndrome, floppy valve syndrome): bulging of one or both mitral leaflets over 2 mm into the left atrium during systole, affecting about 2-3% of people, usually benign but linked to regurgitation and, rarely, arrhythmic sudden death.
Mitral valve repair
Mitral valve repair is open-heart surgery restoring a leaky or narrowed mitral valve rather than replacing it. Key facts: first done by Cutler in 1923, Carpentier's 1983 techniques, annuloplasty and chordal repair, 94% freedom from regurgitation at 10 years.
Mitral valve replacement
Mitral valve replacement is a cardiac surgery in which a diseased mitral valve is replaced with a mechanical or biological prosthesis, chosen when durable repair is unlikely.
Mittelschmerz
Mittelschmerz, or ovulation pain, is benign one-sided lower abdominal pain occurring midcycle with ovulation; German for middle pain. Affects roughly 20 to over 40 percent of women, lasts minutes to two days, treated with OTC analgesics or hormonal contraception.
Mitumomab
Mitumomab (BEC2) is a murine anti-idiotypic monoclonal antibody cancer vaccine mimicking GD3 ganglioside, developed by ImClone Systems, Memorial Sloan-Kettering, and Merck KGaA for small cell lung cancer and melanoma; its Phase III SCLC trial failed and development was discontinued.
Mitzi L. Duxbury
Mitzi L. Duxbury was an American nurse educator who built the University of Minnesota's nursing doctoral program and served as the fifth dean of the UIC College of Nursing.
Mivacurium
Mivacurium (Mivacron) is a short-acting, non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent, a benzylisoquinolinium diester hydrolyzed by plasma cholinesterase; FDA-approved 1992, now discontinued.
Mixed connective tissue disease
Mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD, Sharp syndrome) is a systemic autoimmune overlap disease of SLE, systemic sclerosis, and polymyositis features with high-titer anti-U1-RNP antibodies, first described in 1972.
Mixed depressive and anxiety disorder
Mixed depressive and anxiety disorder is an ICD-11 mood disorder (code 6A73) in which anxiety and depression symptoms coexist for two weeks or more, each below the threshold for a separate diagnosis.