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Anterograde amnesia
Anterograde amnesia: inability to form new long-term memories after brain injury or disease, sparing working and implicit memory. Famous case H.M. (1953 medial temporal lobectomy); common causes include Alzheimer's disease, TBI, anoxia, Korsakoff syndrome.
Anterolateral ligament reconstruction
Anterolateral ligament reconstruction (ALLR) is a knee surgery, usually combined with ACL reconstruction, that controls rotational instability; a randomized trial found graft failure fell from 10.3% to 4.2%.
Anthony P. Adamis
Anthony P. Adamis is an American ophthalmologist who co-discovered VEGF's role in blinding eye disease and led development of the first anti-VEGF drug for wet AMD.
Anthony William
Anthony William, born Anthony William Coviello and known as the Medical Medium, is an American author whose health books became bestsellers.
Anthracycline
Anthracyclines (daunorubicin, doxorubicin, epirubicin) are Streptomyces-derived antitumor antibiotics that intercalate DNA and poison topoisomerase II; used for leukemia, lymphoma, breast cancer, limited by cumulative cardiotoxicity.
Anthropometry
Anthropometry (from Greek anthropo, metron) is the systematic measurement of human body dimensions: height, weight, circumferences, skinfolds, BMI. Founded by Quetelet (Anthropometrie, 1871); includes Bertillon's forensic bertillonage, WHO child growth standards, and ISO 7250 design data.
Anti-cancer drugs
Anti-cancer drugs (antineoplastic agents) treat cancer via cytotoxic chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, kinase inhibitors, antibodies, and immunotherapy; from 1940s nitrogen mustard to imatinib and pembrolizumab. Also a peer-reviewed journal (ISSN 0959-4973) since 1990.
Anti-centromere antibodies
Anti-centromere antibodies (ACA, anti-CENP-B) are autoantibodies marking limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis (CREST syndrome), discovered in 1980; found in 20–40% of SSc patients and rarely in healthy people.
Anti-cytokine therapy
Anti-cytokine therapy is a treatment approach using drugs, mainly monoclonal antibodies, soluble receptor fusions, and receptor antagonists, to inhibit cytokines driving inflammatory and autoimmune disease.
Anti-dsDNA antibodies
Anti-dsDNA antibodies are autoantibodies against double-stranded DNA, a disease-specific biomarker of systemic lupus erythematosus discovered in 1957, detected by Farr RIA, CLIFT, and ELISA, and central to lupus nephritis.
Anti-EBV TCR-T trial
Anti-EBV TCR-T trial (NCT07162012): Shanghai General Hospital early phase 1 study of autologous EBV-specific TCR-engineered T cells for relapsed/refractory EBV-positive lymphoma in HLA-A11:01 patients, 24 participants, dose-escalation design.
Anti-EGFR therapy
Anti-EGFR therapy is a class of cancer drugs that blocks EGFR signaling, using monoclonal antibodies for colorectal cancer and tyrosine kinase inhibitors for EGFR-mutant lung cancer.
Anti-inflammatory
Anti-inflammatory: drugs that reduce inflammation, spanning NSAIDs (aspirin, ibuprofen, COX inhibitors), glucocorticoids (cortisone, dexamethasone), DMARDs, and cytokine-targeting biologics; aspirin introduced 1899.
Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody
Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA), autoantibodies against neutrophil proteinase 3 and myeloperoxidase, are diagnostic markers for ANCA-associated vasculitis, detected by immunofluorescence (cANCA, pANCA) and antigen-specific immunoassays.
Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis
Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis (anti-NMDAR encephalitis) is the most common autoimmune encephalitis, caused by IgG antibodies against the GluN1/NR1 NMDA receptor subunit, often triggered by ovarian teratoma, diagnosed by CSF antibodies, and treated with immunotherapy and tumor removal.
Anti-nuclear antibody negative
Anti-nuclear antibody negative (ICD-11 MA14.13, ANA-) is a lab finding of no antinuclear antibodies detected. It lowers the likelihood of autoimmune disease but never rules it out; ENA antibodies occur in about 8% of ANA-IIF-negative suspected CTD cases.
Anti-nuclear antibody positive
Anti-nuclear antibody positive: a screening result showing serum autoantibodies to nuclear antigens, detected by HEp-2 immunofluorescence or solid-phase assay; common in healthy people, interpreted by titer, pattern, and clinical context.
Anti-obesity medication
Anti-obesity medications are drugs for chronic weight management in adults with BMI ≥30 or ≥27 with complications, ranging from orlistat and phentermine-topiramate to GLP-1 drugs semaglutide, tirzepatide, and orforglipron.
Anti-p200 pemphigoid
Anti-p200 pemphigoid (anti-laminin γ1 pemphigoid) is a rare subepidermal autoimmune blistering disease first described in 1996, targeting a 200-kDa dermal protein, with acral blisters, n-serrated immunofluorescence, and BP-like treatment.
Anti-PD-1 therapy
Anti-PD-1 therapy is a cancer immunotherapy that uses monoclonal antibodies such as pembrolizumab and nivolumab to block the PD-1 checkpoint on T cells, first approved in 2014 for melanoma.
Anti-PD-L1 therapy
Anti-PD-L1 therapy is a cancer immunotherapy using antibodies such as atezolizumab, durvalumab, and avelumab that block the PD-L1 protein, restoring immune attack on lung, bladder, liver, and skin cancers.
Anti-psychiatry
Anti-psychiatry: international movement of the 1960s, led by R.D. Laing, David Cooper (who coined the term), and Thomas Szasz, rejecting psychiatry's medical model and institutional power; distinct from critical psychiatry and the psychiatric survivors movement.
Anti-reflux surgery
Anti-reflux surgery is a group of operations, most often fundoplication wrapping the stomach around the esophagus, that reinforce the gastroesophageal junction to treat GERD when medication fails.
Anti-SSA/Ro autoantibodies
Anti-SSA/Ro autoantibodies (anti-Ro52, anti-Ro60) target intracellular RNA-binding proteins; they mark Sjögren's disease, SLE, and neonatal lupus, cross the placenta to cause congenital heart block, and often appear years before diagnosis.
Anti-streptolysin O
Anti-streptolysin O, or ASO titer, is an antibody against a toxin of group A Streptococcus, measured by a blood test used to confirm recent streptococcal infection, especially rheumatic fever.
Anti-thymocyte globulin
Anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG, antilymphocyte globulin): polyclonal IgG from animals immunized with human thymocytes that destroys T lymphocytes. Products include Thymoglobulin, Grafalon, and Atgam; used for severe aplastic anemia, GVHD, and transplant rejection, with horse ATG superior to rabbit ATG in aplastic anemia trials.
Anti-TNF therapy
Anti-TNF therapy is a class of biologic drugs that neutralize tumor necrosis factor to treat autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, and psoriasis, with five approved agents.
Anti-tobacco movement in Nazi Germany
The anti-tobacco movement in Nazi Germany was a 1933–1945 campaign against smoking that included bans in public spaces and Franz H. Müller's 1939 study linking smoking to lung cancer.
Anti-VEGF therapy
Anti-VEGF therapy blocks vascular endothelial growth factor, a protein driving abnormal blood vessel growth and leakage, treating wet macular degeneration and cancers by repeated eye injections or intravenous drugs.
Anti–citrullinated protein antibody
Anti–citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA, anti-CCP) are highly specific autoantibodies against citrullinated proteins, a hallmark of rheumatoid arthritis; the CCP2 test detects them years before symptoms and anchors the 2010 ACR/EULAR criteria.