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Annular erythema
Annular erythema (erythema annulare centrifugum, figurate erythema) is a descriptive term for chronic ring-shaped skin eruptions that expand 2–5 mm/day with central clearing, usually on thighs and buttocks, mostly of unknown cause, treated with topical corticosteroids.
Annular erythema of infancy
Annular erythema of infancy (AEI) is a rare, benign skin condition of babies, typically aged 3 to 11 months, with recurrent ring-shaped patches that resolve without scarring.
Annular lichen planus
Annular lichen planus (ALP) is a ring-shaped variant of lichen planus with a raised active rim and cleared center, classically on the male genitalia and intertriginous areas; distinct from granuloma annulare, tinea, and annular atrophic LP.
Annuloplasty
Annuloplasty, including tricuspid annuloplasty, is a cardiac surgical technique that narrows a dilated heart valve annulus with a prosthetic ring or band, restoring leaflet coaptation to correct valve regurgitation.
Anoctamin-5-related limb-girdle muscular dystrophy R12
LGMD-R12 (formerly LGMD2L, anoctaminopathy) is an autosomal recessive limb-girdle muscular dystrophy caused by biallelic ANO5 variants, with adult-onset proximal lower limb weakness, high creatine kinase, and slow progression.
Anodontia
Anodontia, also called total anodontia or complete congenital absence of teeth, is the complete failure of all teeth to develop, an extremely rare autosomal recessive dental anomaly usually linked to syndromes such as ectodermal dysplasia and treated with dentures or implants.
Anogenital pruritus
Anogenital pruritus, classified in ICD-11 as EC90.5, is persistent itching of the anal, perianal, and genital skin, also called pruritus ani, pruritus vulvae, or pruritus scroti.
Anogenital psoriasis
Anogenital psoriasis, also called genital or inverse psoriasis, is psoriasis of the genital and perianal skin, affecting 33-63% of psoriasis patients; red, thin, scale-poor plaques treated with cautious topical corticosteroids.
Anomalies of dental arch relationship
Anomalies of dental arch relationship, ICD-11 code DA0E.2 (ICD-10 K07.29), are congenital or acquired deviations of how the upper and lower dental arches relate, including overjet, deep overbite, disto-occlusion, mesio-occlusion, and midline deviation.
Anomalies of pupillary function
Anomalies of pupillary function (ICD-11 LA11.62; pupillary disorder, anomaly of pupil function) is a group of conditions in which iris muscles fail to regulate light entering the eye, covering miosis, mydriasis, hippus, iridoplegia, and myotonic pupil.
Anomalies of tooth position
Anomalies of tooth position (ICD-11 DA0E.3, formerly ICD-10 M26.3): crowding, diastema, displacement, rotation, transposition, and impaction of teeth; classified as ectopic, transmigration, transposition, rotation; treated orthodontically.
Anomalous aortic origin of a coronary artery
Anomalous aortic origin of a coronary artery (AAOCA, ACAOS) is a congenital defect where a coronary artery arises from the wrong aortic sinus; found in up to 1% of people, a leading cause of sudden cardiac death in young athletes, managed by risk stratification and unroofing surgery.
Anomalous aortic origin of the left coronary artery
AAOLCA, anomalous aortic origin of the left coronary artery from the right aortic sinus, a rare congenital coronary anomaly; rarer than the right-coronary form but carrying higher risk of ischemia and sudden cardiac death in young athletes, treated by unroofing surgery.
Anomalous aortic origin of the right coronary artery
Anomalous aortic origin of the right coronary artery (AORCA, R-ACAOS): congenital origin of the right coronary artery from the left aortic sinus, often interarterial or intramural; usually asymptomatic but a cause of exertional sudden cardiac death in young athletes.
Anomalous left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery
ALCAPA, or Bland-White-Garland syndrome, is a rare congenital defect where the left coronary artery arises from the pulmonary artery, causing coronary steal, infant heart failure, and over 90% first-year mortality without surgery.
Anomalous origin of coronary artery from the pulmonary artery
Anomalous origin of coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (ACAPA; ALCAPA, Bland-White-Garland syndrome, or ARCAPA): a rare congenital defect causing coronary steal, infant heart failure, about 90% first-year mortality untreated, and surgical reimplantation as the preferred repair.
Anomalous pulmonary venous connection
Anomalous pulmonary venous connection, also called anomalous pulmonary venous return, is a congenital heart defect in which pulmonary veins drain into the systemic venous circulation instead of the left atrium.
Anomaly scan
Anomaly scan, or 20-week screening scan, a second-trimester ultrasound offered in England at 18-21 weeks to screen for 11 fetal conditions including spina bifida, cardiac abnormalities, and Edwards' syndrome.
Anomic aphasia
Anomic aphasia, also called nominal or amnesic aphasia, is the mildest fluent aphasia syndrome: marked word-retrieval failure with preserved fluency, comprehension, and repetition, linked to left perisylvian lesions, stroke, and Alzheimer disease.
Anonymous Testing
Anonymous testing: testing in which the person or specimen source is not individually identified, used chiefly for HIV testing and surveillance; a coded identifier links results, raising uptake versus confidential name-based testing.
Anophthalmia plus syndrome
Anophthalmia plus syndrome (Fryns microphthalmia syndrome, OMIM 600776) is a very rare autosomal-recessive multiple congenital anomaly syndrome with anophthalmia or severe microphthalmia, cleft lip/palate, facial clefts, and sacral neural tube defects; gene locus unidentified.
Anophthalmia/microphthalmia-esophageal atresia syndrome
Anophthalmia/microphthalmia-esophageal atresia syndrome, also called AEG syndrome or MCOPS3, is a rare autosomal dominant SOX2-related disorder combining absent or small eyes with esophageal atresia, affecting about 1 in 250,000 people.
Anophthalmic socket
Anophthalmic socket (ICD-11 9A25.0): the orbit remaining after eye removal or congenital absence, managed with orbital implants (PMMA, silicone, hydroxyapatite), prostheses, and reconstruction for contracture, exposure, and motility problems.
Anorectal abscess
Anorectal abscess, a pus collection around the anus from blocked anal glands (cryptoglandular origin), treated by incision and drainage; recurrence up to 44% and fistula-in-ano in about 15% of patients.
Anorectal manometry
Anorectal manometry is a gastroenterology test measuring pressures and reflexes in the anal canal and rectum with a catheter to diagnose defecatory disorders and fecal incontinence.
Anorectic
Anorectic (appetite suppressant, anorexiant): weight-loss drug class, originally amphetamine-derived sympathomimetics like phentermine, later serotonergic agents (fenfluramine, withdrawn 1997) and GLP-1 drugs such as semaglutide.
Anorectoplasty
Anorectoplasty is surgery that creates a new anus and pulls the rectum down to it, treating children born with anorectal malformations; the standard technique is posterior sagittal anorectoplasty.
Anorexia (symptom)
Anorexia (symptom) is the medical term for loss of appetite, distinct from the eating disorder anorexia nervosa. Causes include acute illness, cancer, chronic disease, and drugs such as digoxin; managed by treating causes and appetite stimulants.
Anorexia nervosa
Anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder and serious mental health condition in which a person keeps their weight very low through restricted eating, driven by an intense fear of gaining weight and a distorted body image.
Anorgasmia
Anorgasmia, also called orgasmic dysfunction or female orgasmic disorder, is the inability or distressing difficulty to reach orgasm, classified as primary, situational, or random; treated mainly with directed masturbation, CBT, and sensate focus.