25,729 articles
Neonatal miliaria
Neonatal miliaria, or heat rash, is a benign newborn rash from blocked eccrine sweat ducts; types include crystallina (clear 1–2 mm vesicles, up to 9% of neonates), rubra, and pustulosa; self-limiting with cooling.
Neonatal necrotising fasciitis
Neonatal necrotising fasciitis (ICD-11 1B71.2) is a rare, life-threatening bacterial infection of fascia, subcutaneous tissue, and skin in newborns, usually secondary to omphalitis, historically fatal in about 59% of cases but with mortality near 20-24% in recent series.
Neonatal peritonitis
Neonatal peritonitis (ICD-11 KB8B) is acute peritoneal inflammation in newborns 0-28 days, usually from intestinal perforation, NEC, or obstruction; bacterial or chemical, with high mortality and ampicillin-gentamicin-clindamycin empiric therapy.
Neonatal renal venous thrombosis
Neonatal renal venous thrombosis (RVT, NRVT): blood clot in a newborn's renal vein within 28 days of life, the most common spontaneous neonatal venous thrombosis; triad of flank mass, hematuria, thrombocytopenia; high long-term kidney risk.
Neonatal resuscitation
Neonatal resuscitation is the emergency care given to newborns who fail to breathe at birth, from ventilation within the first minute to chest compressions and epinephrine.
Neonatal scleroderma
Neonatal scleroderma (ORPHA:398127) is a rare secondary neonatal autoimmune disease with linear erythematous lesions that become indurated, hyperpigmented, and atrophic; prevalence under 1 per million, ICD-10 P83.8.
Neonatal seizures
Neonatal seizures: seizures in newborns (first 28 days, up to 44 weeks PMA), 1–5 per 1000 live births, mostly acute provoked by HIE, stroke, infection; diagnosed by EEG; phenobarbital first-line.
Neonatal severe primary hyperparathyroidism
Neonatal severe primary hyperparathyroidism (NSHPT, NHPT; ORPHA:417, OMIM 239200) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder, usually from homozygous CASR loss-of-function mutations, causing severe hypercalcemia (>3.5 mM), bone demineralization, and failure to thrive from birth; often fatal without parathyroidectomy.
Neonatal stroke
Neonatal stroke (neonatal arterial ischemic stroke, NAIS) is focal brain infarction from arterial or venous occlusion within 28 days of birth; seizures are the typical presentation, MRI with DWI the diagnostic standard, and treatment mainly supportive.
Neonatal toxic erythema
Neonatal toxic erythema, also called erythema toxicum neonatorum (ETN) or toxic erythema of the newborn, is a benign, self-limited rash of macules, papules, and pustules in the first days of life, affecting up to half of term newborns and resolving without treatment.
Neonatal urinary tract infection
Neonatal urinary tract infection is a bacterial UTI presenting in the first 28 days after birth, more often linked with sepsis and congenital urinary anomalies.
Neonatal vitamin K deficiency
Neonatal vitamin K deficiency, or vitamin K deficiency bleeding (VKDB), formerly hemorrhagic disease of the newborn, is bleeding in infants up to 6 months old caused by low vitamin K and clotting factors; prevented by a 1 mg intramuscular shot at birth.
Neonatology
Neonatology: pediatric subspecialty for medical care of newborn infants, especially preterm and ill babies, practiced in NICUs. Covers incubators, surfactant, CPAP, resuscitation, family-centred care, and disparities.
Neophobia
Neophobia is fear or avoidance of novel stimuli; food neophobia is reluctance to try unfamiliar foods, measured by the Pliner and Hobden Food Neophobia Scale, peaking at ages 2 to 6 and linked to poorer diet quality.
Neoplasm
A neoplasm, also called a tumor or neoplastic disorder, is an abnormal mass of tissue from excessive cell growth; benign types stay local, while malignant ones (cancers) invade and spread by metastasis.
Neoplasm Grading
Neoplasm grading, also called histologic or tumor grade, describes how abnormal cancer cells look under a microscope and how quickly they are likely to grow and spread.
Neoplasma
Neoplasma (Journal of experimental and clinical oncology) is a bimonthly Slovak oncology journal founded 1957, continuing Ceskoslovenska onkologia; ISSN 0028-2685, edited by the Cancer Research Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava.
Neoplastic pericarditis
Neoplastic pericarditis (ICD-11 BB20.1) is pericardial inflammation from primary or metastatic cancer, most often lung and breast carcinoma and lymphoma, presenting as effusion or tamponade, diagnosed by cytology, with poor prognosis.
Neostigmine
Neostigmine (Prostigmin), a reversible cholinesterase inhibitor introduced in 1931, reverses nondepolarizing neuromuscular blockade after surgery and historically treated myasthenia gravis; quaternary ammonium, poorly absorbed orally, given with anticholinergics.
NEOTIR study
NEOTIR (NCT07579988) is a cross-sectional observational study at IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, measuring thyroid volume by ultrasound in 400 healthy term newborns in the first week of life to establish the first Italian neonatal reference values.
Neovascular glaucoma
Neovascular glaucoma (NVG), also called rubeotic glaucoma, is a severe secondary glaucoma from iris and angle neovascularization driven by retinal ischemia, mainly diabetic retinopathy and central retinal vein occlusion, treated with anti-VEGF, PRP, and glaucoma surgery.
Nepafenac
Nepafenac (Nevanac, Ilevro) is a topical ophthalmic NSAID prodrug converted in the eye to amfenac, a COX inhibitor; FDA-approved in 2005 for cataract surgery pain and inflammation and studied for macular edema prevention.
Nephrectomy
A nephrectomy is an operation to remove all or part of a kidney, performed to treat kidney cancer or to harvest a kidney from a living donor.
Nephritic syndrome
Nephritic syndrome, a glomerulonephritis presentation with hematuria, dysmorphic RBCs, RBC casts, hypertension, and variable proteinuria; acute or chronic; causes include postinfectious GN, IgA nephropathy, and lupus nephritis.
Nephritis
Nephritis, also known as nefritis or kidney inflammation, is inflammation of the kidney, grouped by the affected part into glomerulonephritis, tubulointerstitial nephritis, and pyelonephritis, a bacterial kidney infection.
Nephrocalcinosis
Nephrocalcinosis, also called renal calcinosis or oxalosis when calcium oxalate, is calcium phosphate or oxalate deposition in kidney parenchyma, usually medullary (97%), caused by hyperparathyroidism, distal RTA, medullary sponge kidney, and over 30 monogenic genes.
Nephrogenic syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis
Nephrogenic syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis (NSIAD), also hereditary SIADH, is a rare X-linked AVPR2 gain-of-function disorder causing euvolemic hyponatremia with undetectable AVP; treated with fluid restriction and urea.
Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis
Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF), formerly nephrogenic fibrosing dermopathy, is a rare gadolinium-triggered fibrosing disease of patients with severe renal impairment after MRI contrast, causing indurated skin, contractures, and sometimes organ fibrosis.
Nephrologists
Nephrologists, also called renal physicians, are internal medicine specialists treating kidney disease, dialysis, hypertension, and transplant care. US density is 3.6 per 100,000; projected 2025–2037 demand growth of 19.5% far exceeds 1.4% supply growth.
Nephrology (νεφρός)
Nephrology (νεφρός, kidney) is the internal medicine specialty for kidney disease, hypertension, dialysis, and transplantation; coined by A.A. Osman, it emerged as a specialty around 1960.