Human health and medicine

Otoscopes

Otoscopes (auriscopes) are hand-held instruments with a light, ear speculum, and magnifying lens for examining the ear canal and tympanic membrane; first integrated by Bruton in 1862, class I FDA-exempt, with pneumatic and digital telemedicine variants.

Otoscopy

Otoscopy is a clinical examination using an otoscope, combining light, speculum, and magnifying lens, to inspect the ear canal and tympanic membrane and diagnose ear conditions.

Ototoxic hearing loss

Ototoxic hearing loss: irreversible sensorineural hearing loss from ototoxic drugs (aminoglycosides, cisplatin, loop diuretics, salicylates) or workplace chemicals (solvents, lead, carbon monoxide), detected by baseline and serial high-frequency audiometry.

Ototoxicity

Ototoxicity is drug- or chemical-induced inner ear damage causing hearing or balance loss, chiefly from aminoglycoside antibiotics and platinum chemotherapy such as cisplatin, with pooled prevalence near 43%.

Otrovert

Otrovert, a term coined by psychiatrist Rami Kaminski in The Gift of Not Belonging, describes people who feel like outsiders in any group despite being popular and socially comfortable one-on-one; it is not a peer-reviewed personality category.

OTST study

OTST study: the International Ovarian and Testicular Stromal Tumor Registry (NCT01970696), a 2011 observational study of rare gonadal stromal tumors and DICER1 mutations; also the Oslo Tomosynthesis Screening Trial.

Ottawa ankle rules

Ottawa ankle rules: 1992 Stiell clinical decision rule deciding when ankle or mid-foot x-rays can be withheld after acute injury; malleolar and midfoot tenderness plus four-step weight-bearing criteria; sensitivity near 99%, low specificity.

Ottawa Hospital

The Ottawa Hospital (L'Hôpital d'Ottawa), a publicly funded teaching hospital in Ottawa, Ontario, formed in 1998 from the Riverside, Civic, and General hospitals; three main campuses, roots in Élisabeth Bruyère's 1845 General Hospital, and a new Dow's Lake campus under development.

Oct 10, 2026

Otto Sprengel

Otto Gerhard Carl Sprengel (1852–1915) was a German surgeon, head of surgery in Braunschweig, remembered for Sprengel's deformity of the scapula and a transverse abdominal incision.

Oturkibart

Oturkibart is a humanized monoclonal antibody against the interleukin-4 receptor, developed by China's Jiangsu Qyuns Therapeutics to treat type 2 inflammatory allergic diseases including prurigo nodularis and atopic dermatitis.

Ouabain

Ouabain (strophanthin-G), C29H44O12, is a cardiotonic cardiac glycoside from Strophanthus gratus and Acocanthera, an Na+/K+-ATPase inhibitor once used intravenously for heart failure, not US-approved, and the namesake of the proposed adrenal hormone endogenous ouabain.

Outflow tract reconstruction

Outflow tract reconstruction is a family of cardiac surgeries that rebuild the pathways carrying blood out of the heart's ventricles, most often in congenital defects like tetralogy of Fallot.

Outline of cardiology

Outline of cardiology: the medical specialty of heart and vascular disorders. Covers subspecialties (interventional, electrophysiology, heart failure), history since 1895-1905, ABIM training requirements, and WHO cardiovascular disease burden data.

Outline of health sciences

Outline of health sciences: the disciplines studying health and disease, from basic biomedical and clinical sciences to epidemiology, public health, and health policy, with research methods, workforce gaps, and digital health developments.

Outlive: The Science and Art of Longevity

Outlive: The Science and Art of Longevity, Peter Attia's 2023 book with Bill Gifford on Medicine 3.0, the four horsemen of chronic disease, the Centenarian Decathlon, and longevity bestseller reception and criticism.

Outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy

Outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy (OPAT) is the delivery of intravenous antibiotics outside the hospital, treating about 250,000 US patients yearly for infections like endocarditis and osteomyelitis.

Outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy

Outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) is the administration of intravenous antimicrobial drugs outside the hospital, treating serious infections such as osteomyelitis and endocarditis at home or in infusion centers.

Ovarian cancer

Ovarian cancer is a cancer in which malignant cells form in the ovaries, fallopian tubes, or peritoneum. It is the leading cause of death among gynecologic cancers.

Ovarian cyst

An ovarian cyst is a fluid-filled sac that develops in or on an ovary. Cysts are very common, and most are benign and resolve without treatment.

Ovarian cystectomy

Ovarian cystectomy is a gynecological operation that removes an ovarian cyst while leaving a functional ovary, most often done laparoscopically for endometriomas, dermoid cysts, and cystadenomas.

Ovarian drilling

Ovarian drilling (laparoscopic ovarian drilling, LOD; transvaginal TVOD/UTND) is a second-line surgical ovulation-induction treatment for clomiphene-resistant PCOS, using diathermy, laser, or needle punctures of the ovaries, restoring ovulation in most treated women.

Ovarian dysfunction

Ovarian dysfunction (ICD-10 E28; ICD-11 5A80) covers ovarian hormone and ovulation disorders, including PCOS, androgen excess, and primary ovarian insufficiency before age 40, diagnosed with FSH, AMH, and ultrasound.

Ovarian dysgerminoma

Ovarian dysgerminoma is a rare malignant ovarian tumor arising from primordial germ cells, the most common malignant ovarian germ cell tumor, affecting mainly young women with a good prognosis.

Ovarian fibroma

Ovarian fibroma (fibroma of ovary, ORPHA:314473) is a rare benign sex cord-stromal ovarian tumor of spindle cells and collagen, the most common benign solid ovarian tumor (1-4% of benign ovarian tumors); Meigs syndrome with ascites and pleural effusion occurs in about 1%.