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Perindopril
Perindopril (Coversyl, Aceon) is a once-daily ACE inhibitor approved in 1988 for hypertension, heart failure, and stable coronary artery disease; active metabolite perindoprilat, half-life 30-120 hours, common side effect dry cough.
Perineal massage
Perineal massage is a technique in which the perineum is stretched with lubricated fingers from about 34 weeks of pregnancy, modestly reducing perineal trauma and episiotomy during vaginal birth.
Perineal pain
Perineal pain is pain in the perineum between the genitalia and anus (ICD-11 GA34.01), acute after childbirth trauma or chronic via pudendal neuralgia; diagnosed clinically, treated with paracetamol, cooling, and nerve blocks.
Perineal tear
A perineal laceration during delivery is a tear of the perineum during childbirth, graded from first to fourth degree, affecting up to 9 in 10 first-time mothers.
Perineum
The perineum, or anogenital area, is the body region between the thighs containing the external genitalia and anal opening, a region important in obstetrics and surgery.
Perineum sunning
Perineum sunning (butthole sunning) is a wellness practice of exposing the perineum to sunlight, viralized by an October 2019 Instagram post claiming 30 seconds equals a day of sun exposure; no evidence supports its benefits and dermatologists warn of sunburn and aggressive skin cancer risk.
Perineural injection
Perineural injection is the deposit of medication, usually local anesthetic with or without corticosteroid, around a nerve to block conduction, relieve pain, or treat nerve disease.
Periodic fever-immunodeficiency-thrombocytopenia syndrome
Periodic fever-immunodeficiency-thrombocytopenia syndrome (PFITS), also called lazy leukocyte syndrome, is an autosomal recessive WDR1-related autoinflammatory immunodeficiency with recurrent infections, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia.
Periodic limb movement disorder
Periodic limb movement disorder (PLMD): a diagnosis-of-exclusion sleep disorder with PLMI >15/h (adults), NREM-clustered leg movements, distinguished from RLS; 2024 AASM favors alpha-2-delta ligands over dopamine agonists.
Periodontal abscess
Periodontal abscess: acute localized pus in the gingival wall of a periodontal pocket, mainly gram-negative anaerobic flora (Porphyromonas gingivalis 50-100%), treated by drainage and debridement rather than antibiotics.
Periodontal debridement
Periodontal debridement is a nonsurgical dental procedure that removes plaque and calculus from tooth root surfaces and periodontal pockets without deliberately removing cementum, replacing classical scaling and root planing.
Periodontal disease
Periodontal (gum) disease, including gingivitis and periodontitis, is inflammation and infection of gum and bone tissues supporting teeth, caused by plaque biofilm; over 1 billion severe cases worldwide, smoking the leading risk factor.
Periodontal Dressings
Periodontal dressings (periodontal packs) are protective materials applied over periodontal surgical wounds. Types include zinc oxide eugenol, noneugenol (Coe-Pak, Peripac), and collagen or cyanoacrylate dressings; routine use after flap surgery is no longer indicated.
Periodontal Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
Periodontal Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (pEDS, formerly EDS type VIII) is an ultra-rare autosomal dominant connective tissue disorder caused by gain-of-function variants in C1R or C1S, causing severe childhood periodontitis, lack of attached gingiva, pretibial plaques, and premature tooth loss.
Periodontal index
A periodontal index is a standardized clinical scoring method grading periodontal disease severity, notably Russell's Periodontal Index of 1956 and the WHO's Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs.
Periodontal probing
Periodontal probing is a dental diagnostic method in which a calibrated, millimeter-marked probe measures probing depth at six sites per tooth, usually with bleeding on probing recorded.
Periodontal Prosthesis
Periodontal prosthesis: restorative or replacement dental devices used as adjunctive therapy for periodontal disease (MeSH D010515, 1966). Covers fixed, removable, implant-supported splinting and reconstruction with defined occlusal objectives.
Periodontal Splints
Periodontal splints join mobile periodontally compromised teeth to stabilize them, improving comfort and function. EFP stage IV guidelines endorse temporary and long-term splinting; survival ranges from about 65% at 5 years to 80% at 10 years, with frequent repairs.
Periodontics
Periodontics (periodontology) is the dental specialty for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases of tooth-supporting tissues; periodontists train 3 extra years, treat periodontitis with scaling, surgery, and implants.
Periodontosis
Periodontosis (ICD-11 DA0C.2; 歯周症) is rapid alveolar bone loss around multiple permanent teeth in otherwise healthy adolescents; formerly a degenerative-disease label, now grouped with aggressive periodontitis.
Perioperative Care
Perioperative care (MeSH D019990) is coordinated patient care before, during, and immediately after surgery, spanning preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative phases, guided by programs such as ERAS, NICE NG180, and AORN guidelines.
Perioperative Nursing
Perioperative nursing, also called surgical or operating room nursing, is the nursing specialty caring for surgical patients before, during, and after surgery across preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative phases, with roles such as scrub nurse, circulating nurse, and RN first assistant.
Perioperative tachyarrhythmia
Perioperative tachyarrhythmia is a rapid heart rhythm, above 100 beats per minute, arising during or after surgery and anesthesia; atrial fibrillation accounts for about 90% of cases.
Perioral dermatitis
Perioral dermatitis, also called periorificial dermatitis (POD), is a chronic acneiform rash around the mouth, nose, or eyes, mainly in women 20–45, strongly linked to topical corticosteroids and treated with zero therapy and tetracyclines.
Perioral myoclonia with absences
Perioral myoclonia with absences (PMA/POMA) is a rare idiopathic generalized epilepsy syndrome, first described by Panayiotopoulos in 1994, in which absence seizures are accompanied by rhythmic mouth-muscle jerks, tonic-clonic seizures, absence status, and drug resistance; not yet ILAE-recognized.
Periorbital cellulitis
Periorbital (preseptal) cellulitis: bacterial infection of the eyelid and surrounding skin anterior to the orbital septum, distinct from orbital cellulitis; normal vision and eye movement, treated with oral or IV antibiotics.
Periorbital dark circles
Periorbital dark circles (periorbital hyperpigmentation, POH, ICHOR): bilateral darkened eyelid skin from pigment, visible vasculature, or structural shadowing; treated by cause with topicals, lasers, fillers, or surgery.
Periorbital puffiness
Periorbital puffiness, or periorbital edema (bags under the eyes), is swelling around the eye orbit from fluid, fat or inflammation; causes range from aging, salt, sleep loss and allergies to cellulitis, thyroid or renal disease.
Periostitis of orbit
Periostitis of orbit (orbital periostitis) is inflammation of the orbital periosteum, coded ICD-10 H05.03 and ICD-11 9A21.3, usually from trauma or spreading sinus infection, stage II of sinusitic orbital complications.
Peripapillary staphyloma
Peripapillary staphyloma (ORPHA:519400, ICD-10 Q14.2) is a rare congenital optic disc excavation: deep chorioretinal atrophic excavation around a normal disc, normal vessels, no glial tuft, mostly unilateral poor vision, Curtin type III.