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Prathap C. Reddy (ప్రతాప్ చంద్ర రెడ్డి)
Prathap C. Reddy (ప్రతాప్ చంద్ర రెడ్డి), also known as Prathap Chandra Reddy, is an Indian cardiologist who founded Apollo Hospitals, India's first corporate hospital chain, in Chennai in 1983.
Pravala bhasma
Pravala bhasma (Praval Bhasma) is an Ayurvedic calcined coral preparation, a calcium-rich animal-origin Rasashastra drug compiled in Bhaishajya Ratnavali, distinct from Pravala pishti and exempt from expiry dating under India's Drugs Rules.
Pravala Pancamrta Rasa
Pravala Pancamrta Rasa (Pravāla pañcamṛta rasa) is a Kharaliya rasayana of Ayurvedic Rasashastra: five calcined marine bhasmas (coral, pearl, conch, oyster, cowry) triturated with Calotropis latex, dosed 250 mg, used for pittaja disorders and as a calcium supplement.
Pravala Pisti
Pravala Pisti (Pravāla piṣṭī), Ayurvedic coral-calcium powder triturated with rose water, a Sudha Varga preparation; dose 250 mg, used for Pitta disorders, acidity, and as calcium supplementation, distinct from calcined Pravala Bhasma.
Pravastatin
Pravastatin (pravastatin sodium, formerly Pravachol) is a semi-synthetic HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor statin, U.S.-approved 1991, dosed 40-80 mg daily; low-to-moderate LDL-lowering potency, landmark trials WOSCOPS, CARE, LIPID, PROSPER.
Prazepam
Prazepam (Centrax) is a benzodiazepine prodrug anxiolytic converted to N-desmethyldiazepam (half-life about 70 h); discontinued in the US, still authorized in Europe, DEA Schedule IV.
Praziquantel
Praziquantel (PZQ, Biltricide) is a 600 mg oral anthelmintic active against trematodes and cestodes, jointly discovered by Bayer and Merck in the 1970s. It is the WHO-recommended 40 mg/kg single-dose treatment and sole recommended drug for human schistosomiasis, used in mass drug administration.
Prazosin
Prazosin (Minipress) is a quinazoline alpha-1 adrenergic antagonist approved for hypertension and used off label for PTSD nightmares; evidence is mixed, with the 2023 VA/DoD guideline weakly favoring it for nightmares only.
Pre-Analytical Phase
Pre-analytical phase (pre-examination phase): all laboratory testing steps from test ordering through patient preparation, sample collection, transport, and preparation before analysis; source of 60-70% of laboratory errors, led by hemolysis.
Pre-Conception and Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques Act, 1994
Indian law, Act No. 57 of 1994, also called the PCPNDT Act, banning foetal sex determination and sex selection before or after conception; regulates ultrasound clinics, sets penalties up to 5 years, and is enforced by Appropriate Authorities rather than police.
Pre-Descemet corneal dystrophy
Pre-Descemet corneal dystrophy (PDCD), including punctiform and polychromatic PPPCD, is a rare inherited stromal corneal dystrophy with deep stromal opacities anterior to Descemet membrane, asymptomatic, PRDX3-linked, good prognosis.
Pre-eclampsia
Pre-eclampsia, a hypertensive multi-organ disorder of pregnancy after 20 weeks (hypertension plus proteinuria), affects 3-8% of births; managed with aspirin prophylaxis, magnesium sulfate, and delivery.
Pre-eclampsia superimposed on chronic hypertension
Pre-eclampsia superimposed on chronic hypertension (superimposed preeclampsia) is preeclampsia developing in a woman with hypertension before pregnancy or before 20 weeks, affecting roughly 20–25% of such pregnancies, harder to diagnose, and linked to worse maternal outcomes.
Pre-ejaculate
Pre-ejaculate (pre-cum, Cowper's fluid) is clear fluid released from the penis during arousal by the bulbourethral glands; it neutralizes urethral acidity, may contain sperm, and affects withdrawal-method contraception and HIV/STI risk.
Pre-excitation syndrome
Pre-excitation syndrome, chiefly Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW), is a cardiac condition where an accessory pathway bypasses the AV node, causing early ventricular activation, delta waves, AVRT, and risk of pre-excited atrial fibrillation; curable by catheter ablation.
PRE-EXELUCA trial
PRE-EXELUCA (NCT06215326) is a randomized controlled trial by Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital comparing intensities of preoperative exercise training in 100 moderate-to-high perioperative risk lung cancer patients before lung resection, measuring cardiopulmonary function and postoperative outcomes.
Pre-exposure prophylaxis
Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is antiretroviral medicine taken by HIV-negative people to prevent HIV, about 99% effective against sexual transmission when taken as prescribed. Options include daily Truvada, Descovy, injectable cabotegravir, and twice-yearly lenacapavir.
Pre-medical
Pre-medical (pre-med) describes the undergraduate coursework, experiences, and application preparation for US medical school, including the MCAT, rather than a degree program or major of its own.
Preanesthetic Medication
Preanesthetic medication (premedication) is drug administration before anesthesia induction, historically opioids and anticholinergics like scopolamine and morphine, now individualized anxiolysis, antisialagogues, and adjuncts such as midazolam and dexmedetomidine, with evidence questioning routine sedative use.
PRECANU study
PRECANU (NCT05684432) is a Danish prospective observational study of acute radiation-induced diarrhoea during curative pelvic EBRT for prostate and rectal cancer; its 40-patient prostate cohort found patient stool diaries captured Grade 2/3 diarrhoea that CTCAE clinician grading missed entirely.
PRECEDE-PROCEED model
The PRECEDE-PROCEED model, also known as the PRECEDE model, is an eight-phase framework for planning, implementing, and evaluating community health promotion programs, developed by Lawrence W. Green in 1974.
Precipitate labour
Precipitate labour (precipitous labor, rapid labor; ICD-11 JB02.3, ICD-10 O62.3) is abnormally fast childbirth, delivery within under 3 hours of regular contractions, risking hemorrhage, lacerations, and fetal injury.
Precipitating Factors
Precipitating factors (MeSH D015985) are triggers associated with the definitive onset of disease, illness, accident, or behavioral response; one of the 4Ps of clinical formulation, distinct from predisposing factors.
Precipitin Tests
Precipitin tests are serologic assays in which soluble antigen and homologous antibody form a visible precipitate. Introduced by Kraus in 1897 and applied forensically by Uhlenhuth in 1901, they identify species origin of bloodstains and quantify antibody.
Precision radiotherapy
Precision radiotherapy is a set of advanced radiotherapy techniques, including image-guided radiotherapy, IMRT, SBRT, proton therapy, and MR-guided linacs, that shrink targeting margins from centimeters to millimeters and enable daily plan adaptation.
PRECISION study
PRECISION (Pain Registry for Epidemiological, Clinical, and Interventional Studies and Innovation) is a University of North Texas Health Science Center registry, established 2016, enrolling chronic low back pain cases and pain-free controls with a saliva and blood biobank for pharmacogenetic opioid-versus-NSAID research.
Precocious puberty
Precocious puberty: development of secondary sex characteristics before age 8 in girls and 9 in boys; central (GnRH-dependent) versus peripheral forms, diagnosis with basal LH and MRI, GnRHa treatment, secular trends.
Preconception Care
Preconception care (prepregnancy care) is organized health care before conception that assesses risks, promotes health, and intervenes to improve pregnancy outcomes. Key elements: folic acid, vaccinations, chronic disease optimization, substance-use counseling; 40% of pregnancies are unplanned.
Precordial catch syndrome
Precordial catch syndrome, also called Texidor's twinge or chest wall twinge syndrome, is a benign, brief (seconds to 3 minutes) sharp left-sided chest pain worsened by deep breathing, common in children and young adults, unrelated to heart or lung disease.
Precordial pain
Precordial pain, also precordialgia, is chest pain in the precordium, the anterior chest wall over the heart. A topographic symptom, not a diagnosis; about half of cases are noncardiac, and ICD-11 code is MC86.